nervous system

• The functions of the nervous system include Sensory Input, Integration, Homeostasis, Mental Activity, and Control of Muscles and Glands.
• The nervous system is divided into two sub divisions: Central Nervous System which includes the brain and spinal cord, and Peripheral Nervous System which includes nerves that transmit information to the Central Nervous System.
• The Central Nervous System controls the whole system.
• The spinal cord connects the brain to nerves throughout the body.
• Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges caused by bacteria or virus.
• Meningococcus bacteria is a type of bacteria that causes meningitis.
• Encephalitis is an inflammation of brain tissue caused by a virus transmitted by a mosquito.
• Cerebral Palsy is mainly caused by lack of oxygen during the birth process.
• Cerebral Palsy affects the brain.
• Bell’s Palsy is a condition where the seventh facial nerve is not working properly.
• An aneurysm is a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall.
• The Peripheral Nervous System includes two sub categories: Afferent PNS which transmits impulses from peripheral organs to the Central Nervous System, and Efferent PNS which includes motor neurons responsible for carrying signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system in order to initiate an action.
• The brain is the control center of the body, responsible for processing information from sensory organs.
• Nervous Tissue consists of neurons (nerve cells) and supporting cells (neuroglia or glial cells), and includes axons, dendrites, and cell body.
• Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
• Neurons have three parts: Dendrites which are rootlike extensions that receive stimuli or nerve impulses from the sense organs, Cell Body where nerve impulses will be conducted to the cell body and can find the nucleus, and Axon which is wrapped in myelin sheath and conducts electrical impulses away from the nerve cell body.
• The Central Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord and controls and coordinates body movement.
• Multipolar Neurons are mostly found in the brain and spinal cord.
• Bipolar Neurons function as receptor cells in special senses.
• Unipolar Neurons are found in sensory neurons.
• Afferent Neurons recieve nerve impulses from a sensory receptor.
• Association Neurons recieve nerve impulses from sensory neurons to brain or spinal cord for interpretation.
• Kulubot sa brain-gyrus,sulci increases its surface area and enables more cerebral cortex matter to fit inside the skull.
• Frontal lobe-emotional regulation,planning, reasoning and problem solving occur.
• Phineas Gage, the most famous case of frontal lobe dysfunction, had a tumama sa frontal lobe.
• Parietal Lobe is responsible for integrating sensory info like touch,temperature, pressure, and pain.
• Efferent Neurons bring about a reaction to the original stimulus.
• Temporal Lobe, located on our temples, processes sensory information particularly hearing,recognizing language and forming memories.
• Auditory Information processes information so we understand what we’re hearing.
• Visual Processing makes sense of complex visual information including faces and scenes.
• Temporal Lobe contains hippocampus, a region of the brain important for memory,learning and emotions.
• Occipital Lobe is the major visual processing centre in the brain, interpreting depth,distance,location and the identity of seen objects.
• Cerebellum is responsible for a number of functions including motor skills, balance, coordination, and posture.
• Cranial Nerves include Olfaction, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal.
• Sensory Nerves are responsible for the sense of smell, taste, touch, hearing and balance.
• Motor Nerves are responsible for movement.
• Both Sensory and Motor Nerves are present in the brain.
• Alzheimer’s Disease is a severe mental deterioration that causes memory failure, confusion, and decreased intellectual capacity.
• Dementia is an umbrella term for loss of memory and other thinking abilities enough to interfere with daily life.
• Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident, is localized cellular death due to lack of blood supply.