Exploring Circuit Design

• What is the symbol for the resistor in the circuit diagram?

  R1
• What do circuits consist of?

  Different components connected together
• How does a resistor protect an LED in a circuit?

  By controlling the current flow
• What should be used to protect digital input pins?

  Pull-up/pull-down resistors
• What is a key consideration in circuit design for minimizing noise?

  Grounding
• Where should decoupling capacitors be placed in a circuit?

  Near power sources and components
• What is the first basic component of a circuit?

  Power source (V1)
• What is the correct grounding technique for an analog circuit?

  Use a zero ohm resistor
• What is the function of components in a circuit?

  To control and use electricity
• What does a resistor do in a circuit?

  Controls current flow by providing resistance
• What does the interaction of voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit demonstrate?

  How electrical quantities affect each other
• What is the purpose of decoupling capacitors in circuit design?

  To filter out electrical spikes and fluctuations
• Why should multiple grounding points be connected in circuit design?

  To minimize noise and interference
• What is the formula for Ohm's Law?

  $V =$$IR$
• What are the key components of this simple electrical circuit?

  • Battery (36 V)
  • Lamp (R = ???)
  • Wires connecting the components
• What are the basic components of a circuit?

  • Power source (V1)
  • Resistor (R1)
  • Light-emitting diode (LED)
• What are the key steps in the correct grounding technique for analog and digital circuits?

  Analog circuit:

  • Use a zero ohm resistor

  
  

  Digital circuit:

  • Use a net-tie
• What are the main components of a typical microcontroller circuit?

  • Oscillator
  • CPU
  • Memory (RAM, EEPROM)
  • Timers
  • Serial communication
  • A/D converter
  • I/O ports
  • Power supply
• What are the key differences between the function of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

  • TEMs produce 2D images, while SEMs produce 3D images
  • SEMs are used for studying surface features, while TEMs are used for internal cell structures
• What is the purpose of a decoupling capacitor in a circuit?

  It filters out spikes by filtering out high frequency noise
• What components should be used to connect grounding points?

  Zero ohm resistors or net ties
• What problem do pull-up/pull-down resistors prevent in digital circuits?

  Floating states and noise errors
• What is the name of the component labeled as "LOUDSPEAKER"?

  Loudspeaker
• What is the name of the component labeled as "INDUCTOR"?

  Inductor
• What are the components used to investigate sound and light effects in circuits?

  • Microphone: Converts sound waves to electrical signals
  • Inductor: Stores electrical energy in a magnetic field
  • Loudspeaker: Converts signals back to sound
• What is the name of the component labeled as "LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)"?

  Light emitting diode (LED)
• What is the purpose of the resistor R1 in this circuit?

  • The resistor R1 limits the current flowing through the LED1 to prevent damage.
  • It ensures the LED1 operates within its safe current range.
• What is the current flowing through the circuit?

  4 A
• What are the key design considerations for building circuits to study specific effects?

  • Grounding: Connect multiple points to minimize noise
  • Decoupling capacitors: Place near power sources to filter spikes
  • Protect digital input pins: Use pull-up/pull-down resistors
• What is the name of the component labeled as "EARTH"?

  Earth
• What does a loudspeaker do in a circuit?

  Converts signals back into sound
• How is a circuit similar to a water pipe?

  Both require a continuous loop for flow
• What is the name of the component labeled as "FIXED RESISTOR"?

  Fixed resistor
• What is the voltage of the battery in the circuit?

  36 V
• What is the third basic component of a circuit?

  Light-emitting diode (LED)
• What is the function of an inductor in a circuit?

  Stores electrical energy in a magnetic field
• What are the symbols and units for voltage, current, and resistance?

  • Voltage: Symbol = V, Unit = Volts
  • Current: Symbol = I, Unit = Amperes
  • Resistance: Symbol = R, Unit = Ohms
• What is the name of the component labeled as "GALVANOMETER"?

  Galvanometer
• How does the circuit demonstrate basic circuit behavior?

  By changing voltage and measuring current flow
• What three quantities can circuits help us explore?

  Voltage, current, and resistance