Defence Against Disease

• What is the immune system responsible for?

  Protecting the body from infections
• What do we call organisms that can cause disease?

  Pathogens
• What are the two categories of pathogens?

  Non-living and living pathogens
• How can bacteria be classified?

  As helpful or harmful
• What is a common fungal infection mentioned?

  Athlete's foot
• What is the best way to avoid infection by pathogens?

  Self-isolation or quarantine
• What analogy is used to explain the immune system's first line of defense?

  A wall protecting an army
• What is the first line of defense in the immune system?

  The skin
• What are the two layers of the skin?

  Dermis and epidermis
• What is the epidermis made of?

  Dead cells
• Why is the epidermis important?

  It acts as a barrier against pathogens
• What happens when the skin is cut?

  It can bleed and allow pathogens in
• What is blood clotting?

  A process to stop bleeding
• What type of cells are red blood cells?

  Cells that carry oxygen
• What is the appearance of blood due to red blood cells?

  Red
• What is a white blood cell also known as?

  Leukocyte
• What are the three types of white blood cells mentioned?

  B cells, T cells, and macrophages
• How does the immune system's first line of defense relate to the analogy of a wall?

  The skin acts as a barrier like a wall
• What is the role of mucus membranes in the body?

  They trap bacteria and pathogens
• What happens if pathogens breach the first line of defense?

  They can enter the bloodstream and infect
• Why is it important to cover cuts with a Band-Aid?

  To prevent bacteria from entering
• What is the significance of blood vessels in the dermis?

  They supply nutrients and aid in healing
• What is the function of white blood cells?

  To fight infections and pathogens
• What is the role of macrophages?

  To engulf and destroy pathogens
• How do B cells function in the immune response?

  They produce antibodies against pathogens
• What is the role of T cells in the immune system?

  They help regulate immune responses
• How do pathogens affect the body once they enter the bloodstream?

  They can spread and infect various organs
• What is the importance of understanding the immune system?

  To protect against infections and diseases
• What is the primary function of the immune system?

  To defend against infectious diseases
• What happens to the body when the immune system is compromised?

  Increased susceptibility to infections
• How does the immune system respond to a cut?

  It initiates clotting and immune responses
• Why is it crucial to know about pathogens?

  To prevent and treat infections effectively
• What is the role of the dermis in the skin?

  It contains blood vessels and nerves
• How do pathogens enter the body?

  Through skin cuts or body openings
• What is the relationship between the immune system and pathogens?

  The immune system protects against pathogens
• What is the significance of the analogy of a wall in the immune system?

  It illustrates the protective role of skin
• What is the function of mucus in the respiratory system?

  To trap pathogens and bacteria
• How does the body respond to a pathogen breach?

  It activates immune responses to fight infection
• What is the importance of the immune system's first line of defense?

  It prevents pathogens from entering the body
• What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?

  To neutralize and eliminate pathogens