Biology

• What is communicable disease?

  Diseases that can easily spread
• Protists are single cellled?

  Eukaryotes
• What are pathogens?

  microorganisms
• What is affected by pathogens?

  plants and animals
• What do pathogens cause?

  communicable disease
• What do bacteria cells produce?

  Toxins
• What do toxins (poisons) do?

  Damage cells and tissues
• How much smaller are viruses to bacterium’s?

  1/100th
• Where are viruses’ found?

  inside cells
• What do viruses do?

  replicate themselves
• Cell damage from viruses makes you feel?

  ill
• Some protists are..?

  Parasites
• What do parasites do?

  Live on or inside other organisms and cause damage
• What is a vector?

  an organism that transfers a disease from one animal or plant to another, but doesn't get the disease itself
• What are the symptoms of a measles infection?

  fever , red rash
• How is HIV transmitted from person to person?

  sexually transmitted , exchange of bodily fluids
• What are the four main types of pathogen?

  Bacteria , Virus , Fungus , Protists
• Define herd immunity

  protection given to a population against an outbreak of a specific disease when a very high percentage of the population have been vaccinated against it
• Why is it hard to treat viral infections?

  viruses get inside the cell eventually causing it to burst infecting other cells near by
• What was the first antibiotic to be discovered?

  Penicilin
• What is a double blind trial?

  A trial where neither doctors or patients know who received the drug and who has the placebo until all results are gathered
• How does a vaccination help to prevent illness?

  The substance contains disabled antigens of a disease which stimulates the body to produce antibodies and provide immunity against disease
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

  glucose ---> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water ---> glucose + oxygen
• a limiting factor is something that can affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs
• as energy is taken in by the surroundings, photosynthesis is known as an endothermic reaction
• Respiration is a chemical reaction that causes the release of energy from glucose
• Respiration is an exothermic reaction which means energy is transferred to the environment. Some of the energy is used inside the cell and the rest will be transferred out of the cell
• anaerobic respiration occurs during intense excersize when there is an insufficient supply of oxygen to the muscles
• Lactic acid is a toxic substance and the body needs to remove it
• Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called fermentation
• Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in our bodies
• After anaerobic excersize the body will need to repay the amount of oxygen lost and the muscles need to relax with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells. This is known as an oxygen debt
• Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction
• How does your body clear the oxygen debt?

  by repaying oxygen debt and removing lactic acid from cells
• Name the cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata

  guard cells
• what does transpiration transport?

  Water
• What does translocation transport?

  Sugars