particle model and pressure

• What is the motion of particles in a gas like?

  Constant random motion at high speeds
• What does random motion of gas molecules imply?

  Molecules travel in no specific path
• What is Brownian motion?

  Random motion of tiny particles in a fluid
• What happens when gas molecules collide with container walls?

  They exert pressure on the walls
• How is pressure defined?

  Force exerted per unit area
• In which units is pressure measured?

  Pascals (Pa)
• What area should be used to measure pressure?

  Cross-sectional area at right angles
• What does the pressure triangle represent?

  Relationship between pressure, force, and area
• How does temperature affect gas molecules' motion?

  Higher temperature increases average speed
• What happens to pressure when gas temperature increases?

  Pressure increases due to more collisions
• What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of gas molecules?

  Higher temperature means higher kinetic energy
• What occurs at absolute zero?

  Particles have zero kinetic energy
• What is the value of absolute zero in Celsius?

  -273 °C
• Why is absolute zero significant?

  No net movement of particles occurs
• What is the Kelvin temperature scale based on?

  Absolute zero
• How does an increase of 1 K relate to Celsius?

  It is the same as an increase of 1 °C
• How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?

  Add 273 to the Celsius temperature
• What is the Celsius equivalent of 300 K?

  27 °C
• What is the formula to convert Celsius to Kelvin?

  T / K = θ / °C + 273
• What should you remember about the conversion between Celsius and Kelvin?

  0 °C equals 273 K
• What happens to gas pressure as temperature decreases?

  Pressure decreases as temperature decreases
• How does the pressure of a gas relate to its temperature at constant volume?

  Pressure increases with temperature increase
• What are the key concepts linking temperature and pressure in gases?

  • Higher temperature increases molecular speed
  • Increased speed leads to more frequent collisions
  • More collisions result in higher pressure
  • At constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to temperature
• What is the significance of absolute zero in gas behavior?

  • No kinetic energy at absolute zero
  • Particles do not exert pressure
  • It is the lowest possible temperature
  • Equivalent to -273 °C or 0 K
• How do you convert temperatures between Celsius and Kelvin?

  • To convert Celsius to Kelvin: T / K = θ / °C + 273
  • To convert Kelvin to Celsius: θ / °C = T / K − 273
  • 0 °C = 273 K
  • 1 K change equals 1 °C change