bio 203 circulatory system

• Bio 203 Introductory Biology Lab Investigating Circulatory and Skeletal SystemsPreparation for Circulatory & Skeletal Systems Lab In this lab you will dissect the gross anatomy of the circulatory system of the fetal pig, and the mammalian skeletal system using models.
• You are graded on the quality of your dissection.
• You should familiarize yourself with the basic anatomy of the mammalian circulatory system.
• You should familiarize yourself with the basic anatomy of the mammalian skeletal system (the Campbell textbook, and the slides in this PPT).
• The bones in the human skeleton that you have to know are listed in PPT slides 17 & 18.
• Your pre-lab quiz will cover material presented in this PPT regarding mammalian circulation and will include a few anatomical figures asking you to identify labeled structures on a fetal pig and human.
• Circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients, gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body.
• No circulatory system in cnidarians; flatworms; roundworms.
• The evolutionary history of the ductus arteriosus is “shivers - up - your - back cool.” We’re seeing here the legacy of blood circulation to the gills of the fish ancestors of tetrapods, and the transition to terrestrial air-breathing.
• Anterior is up.
• The tip of the probe is under the ductus arteriosus, close to where the ductus joins the aorta.
• The aorta carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body.
• Arteries are when the aorta branches and vessels become small in diameter.
• Capillaries are very small thin walled blood vessels where blood exchanges gases with tissues.
• Veins carry oxygen depleted blood from capillaries toward heart.
• Venae cava returns O 2 depleted blood from the body to the right atrium.
• Pulmonary arteries carry O 2 depleted blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
• Open circulatory systems in molluscs; arthropods: The arterial system is not connected to the venous system, thus the small arteries terminate, emptying their contents into the tissue spaces.
• Pulmonary veins carry O 2 rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
• Closed circulatory systems in annelids; cephalopods; vertebrates: The blood never leaves the network of blood vessels.
• Mammalian circulatory system consists of three basic parts: The heart, The blood vessels, and The blood.
• The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to the lungs and then to the rest of the body, divided into left and right sides by the septum, with four chambers: two atria (upper, thin walled, pump blood into ventricle) and two ventricles (lower, thick walled, pump blood to the rest of the body).
• In the adult, oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-depleted blood are kept separate at all times, with the pulmonary circuit involving the right side of the heart (oxygen-depleted blood) and the systemic circuit involving the left side of the heart (oxygen-rich blood).
• The heart is enclosed in the Pericardial cavity, with blood returning from systemic circulation entering the right atrium from the Cranial and Caudal Vena Cavae.
• After passing into the right ventricle, blood is pumped to the lungs through the Pulmonary Trunk which divides into left and right pulmonary arteries.
• From the left ventricle, blood is pumped through the Aorta into Systemic Circulation.
• In fetal circulation, oxygenated blood returns from the placenta via the fetal umbilical vein, joins the inferior vena cava, and enters the right atrium.
• In the adult, this blood then would enter the right ventricle and from there be pumped to the lungs.
• In the mammalian fetus, there are two anatomical features of the heart that function to reduce the blood flowing to the lungs, which is important because the lungs in utero are not functioning.
• The oval foramen is a hole between the right and left atria, shunting blood into the left atrium and away from the right ventricle.
• The ductus arteriosus is a duct that runs from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, shunting blood away from the right ventricle and into the aorta.
• Normally, the oval foramen and the ductus arteriosus close shortly after birth, and "normal" blood flow begins to the now inflated and functioning lungs.
• Aorta, Arteries, Veins, Vena Cava are referred to as "A" vessels which are away from heart and "V" vessels which are towards heart.
• Capillaries are part of the circulatory system.
• The fetal pig heart consists of four chambers and major associated blood vessels.
• The arterial and venous systems include the thoracic and neck vessels of the systemic circuit.
• Hydrostatic skeletons are a type of skeleton in which body wall muscles act on incompressible fluids in the body cavity to facilitate movement and support.
• Exoskeletons are a skeleton protecting organs, preventing water loss, and serving as points of attachment for muscles.
• Endoskeletons are an internal supporting system of hardened material (cartilage and bone in vertebrates).
• The purposes of skeletons are to make locomotion possible, support and protect animal, and serve as a storage site for calcium and phosphate ions needed in metabolism.