Structure 1.1

• Soild --> Liquid: Melting
• Liquid --> Gas: Boiling/evaporation
• Gas --> liquid: Condensation
• Definition of Mixture: Mixture contains more than one element or compound in no fixed ratio, with are not chemically bonded
• Homogenous mixture: Uniform composition throughout the sample (e.g saltwater)
• Heterogeneous mixture: Non-uniform composition throughout the sample (e.g sand and water)
• Filteration: separates solids from liquids
• Distillation: Separates liquid mixtures by boiling point
• Evaporation: Removing liquid component from a solution
• Chromatography: Separating substances based on their relative affinity to different components of a stationary phase
• Crystallisation: Separation of solid solutes from solutions, usually using cooling or evaporative methods.
• Liquid: Particles more spaced, Inter-Particle forces weaker, No fixed shape, Fixed volume
• Gas: Particles very far apart, inter particle forces weakest, no fixed shape, no fixed volume
• Solid: particles close together, strong interparticle forces, fixed shape, fixed volume
• Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes state from liquid to gas
• The deterimant of inter-particle forces and energy: the force of attraction between the particles of a solid
• Increasing temperature = increasing kinetic energy
• Kinetic Theory: The idea that the particles in a gas move around randomly and randomly collide with each other.
• Endothermic --> Soild to Liquid
• Exothermic --> Gas to solid
• Diffusion --> Process by which particles of a substances spread out evenly, this occur mostly in fluid and gas.
• Pure substances: substances that are made up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or constant structure.

  has a distinct melting point
• Diffusion: Process by which particles of a substances spread out evenly, this occur mostly in fluid and gas.
• Celsius--> kelvin conversion: C + 273
• Definition of chemical compound: a substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions.
• If Air pressure increases --> Temperature will also increase
• What is classifeied as fluid: a fluid has no fixed shape, gas and liquid are classfied as fluid
• Molecular collisions: they decrese with the tempreture decreasing
• Gas --> solid: deposition
• Solid --> Gas: sublimation