key words

• Ethnicity: a social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion or language etc. this is different to race
• Material factors: the differences in material conditions, such as income, housing conditions and employment and that lie behind attainment differences in education
• Attainment 8: 8 subjects which make up attainment 8 include English and maths. Each pupils attainment 8 score is calculated by adding up the point for their 8 subjects, with english and maths counted twice
• Language: a symbolic means of communicating though gestures, sounds or written words
• racism: the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioural traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another
• racial prejudice: a prejudice against a person based on their race or ethnic group.
• educational triage: categorising pupils into those who will achieve, those who may achieve with help and those who are hopeless cases
• subcultures of resistance: linked to anti-school subcultures- this includes messing around, being rude, truancy etc. this creates a negative learning environment, leading to failure.
• ethnocentric curriculum: the use of teaching, assessments, and other aspects of educational life produced with the assumption that all pupils are white British, christian or have english as their first language
• multicultural curriculum: any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds.