MtLaw

• Law in general is any rule of action or system of uniformity that determines not only activities of men but also movements of all objects or creation, animate or inanimate.
• Law in the strict legal sense is promulgated by the state and applies to all men.
• Law in the non-legal sense is not promulgated and enforced by the state, and applies to all men as rational beings and to all things without regard to the latter's use of their will power and intelligence.
• Divine law is the law of religion and faith which concerns itself with the concept of sin and salvation, promulgated by God and revealed through direct revelation.
• Natural law is inspired in man by the sense of justice, fairness and righteousness by internal dictated of reason alone, and is binding on all men at all times.
• Moral law is the totality of the norms of good and right conduct growing out of the collective sense of right and wrong of every community, and determines what is right and wrong at an early stage of existence.
• Physical law operates on all things, including men, without regard to the latter's use of their will power and intelligence.
• State law particularly concerns us in this work, and is the law promulgated and enforced by the state.
• Other terms used for state law include positive law, municipal law, civil law, and imperative law.
• State law does not concern itself with violations of the other rules of action unless they also constitute violations of its commands.
• Divine law is a philosophical theology, natural law is a metaphysics, moral law is an ethics, and physical law is a physical science.
• In its general sense, law refers to all laws taken together, " the mass obligatory rules established for the purpose of governing the relations of persons in society ," including state law, divine law, natural law, moral law, and physical law.
• In its specific sense, law refers to " rule of conduct, just, obligatory promulgated by legitimate authority and of common observance and benefit ," including state law, divine law, natural law, moral law, and physical law.
• Law is a rule of conduct, promulgated by legitimate authority, and is intended by man to serve man.
• Law secures justice, resolves social conflict, orders society, protects interest, and controls social relations.
• Every citizen should have some understanding of law and observe it for the common good.
• Constitution is a written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited and defined, and by which these powers are distributed among the serve departments for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people.
• Legislation consists in the declaration of legal rules by a competent authority.
• Acts passed by the legislature are so-called enacted law or statute law; includes ordinance by LGU's.
• Administrative or executive orders, regulations and rulings are issued by administrative officials under legislative authority; intended to clarify or explain the law.
• Judicial decisions or jurisprudence are the decision of the court applying or interpreting the laws or the constitution form part of the legal system of the Philippines.
• The decision of a superior court is binding on all subordinate courts (doctrine of precedent or state decisis).
• Custom consist of habits and practices which through long and uninterrupted usage have become acknowledged and approved by society as binding rules of conduct.
• Other sources of law include principles of justice and equity, decisions of foreign tribunals; opinions of text writers and religion; only supplementary, resorted by the courts in absence of all the other sources; not binding on the courts.
• The preparation of the bill is the responsibility of the Member or the Bill Drafting Division of the Reference and Research Bureau.
• On First Reading, the Secretary General reads the title and number of the bill.
• The Speaker refers the bill to the appropriate Committee/s.
• The Committee where the bill was referred to evaluates it to determine the necessity of conducting public hearings.
• If the Committee finds it necessary to conduct public hearings, it schedules the time thereof, issues public notices and invites resource persons from the public and private sectors, the academe and experts on the proposed legislation.
• If the Committee finds that no public hearing is needed, it schedules the bill for Committee discussion/s.
• Based on the result of the public hearings or Committee discussions, the Committee may introduce amendments, consolidate bills on the same subject matter, or propose a substitute bill.
• The Committee prepares the corresponding committee report.
• The Committee approves the Committee Report and formally transmits the same to the Plenary Affairs Bureau.
• On Second Reading, the Secretary General reads the number, title and text of the bill and the following takes place: a
• Period of Sponsorship and Debate b
• Period of Amendments c
• Voting which may be by: viva voce ii
• count by tellers iii.
• Division of the House is a process where the House is divided into two parts for the purpose of voting on a bill.
• Nominal voting is a process where a Member, if he desires, is given three minutes to explain his vote.