milgram a03

• variables/findings

  Mandell challenged relevance of research in real life, lack external validity.suggesting situational factors affecting obedience are not borne out by real life events. In poland the men of police battalion 101 received orders for a mass killing of jews, their commanding officer made an offer to his men that they could be assigned to other duties if they didnt feel up to this task and despite presence of factors shown by milgram to increase defiance ( disobedient peers and physical proximity to their victims) few took up his offer, against what you would expect to happen.
• variables/procedure/findings

  A weakness of Milgram’s study is that it may have lack realism and internal validity. Orne and holland claimed that participants in experiments may have learned to distrust psychologist because the real aim of the experiment is often disguised. In milgram’s study despite the learner crying out in pain the experimenter remained cold and distant which could have led the participant to question whether they were really being hurt, perry discovered many of milgrams participants had been sceptical at the time
• this was proved by milgram’s assistant who put them into 2 groups and found the believers were ones who gave more low intensity shocks. This shows that demand characteristic s in the experiment caused people to wonder if the shocks were real and therefore this could have changed how they acted during the experiment. Therefore it lacks internal validity as it is not actually testing what it was set ou to test.
• procedure/variables

  criticism =ethical issues, barimand criticised milgram for the lack of concern his participnats.eg. deceived and told it was about how punishment affects learning rather than the true purpose which made it impossible for them to make an informed decision, although milgram claimed they were free to leave there was hints and prods from the experimenter sying things like’continue ith the experiment when participants asked questions which made some participants feel they had no choice but to continue, therefore, in many ways this study could have been deemed unethical.
• findings/procedure/variables

  one criticism is that milgram underestimated the importance of individual difference such as gender in his experiment. (beta biassed) A commonly held assumption found by eagly is that women a more susceptible to social influence than men and therefore the results may have turned out differently if he had tested on woman as his trials purely used men other than one condition with woman in. however tjis would not have been able to distinguish between gender differences and therefore it msy not be able to be generalised to women and lacks population validity.