Food biology

• Biomolecules- chemicals that are made inside a living cell
• 3 elements found in carbohydrates - carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
• General formula for carbohydrate- Cx(H2O)y
• monosaccharides- one sugar unit
• Disaccharide - 2 sugar units
• Polysaccharides- many sugar units
• Elements found in lipids/fats - carbon oxygen hydrogen
• Basic units of a lipid is - 1. Fatty acids 2. glycerol
• • Elements found in protein- carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
• Elements sometimes found in proteins- sulfur
• trace element in food - iron
• Elements found in the diet as dissolved salts- sodium magnesium and calcium
• 2 types of vitamins- water soluble and fat soluble
• A fat soluble vitamin - vitamin d
• A water soluble vitamin- vitamin c
• Deficiency of vitamin d- rickets
• Deficiency of vitamin c- scurvy
• Calcium in plants- helps form cell wall
• Calcium in animals- makes bones stronger
• Role of water- universal solvent, good transport medium.
• Metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
• Metabolic role of carbs- energy release
• Structural role of a carb- forms cell wall
• Name of structural Carb- cellulose
• Storage carb in animals- glycogen
• Storage carb in plants - starch
• Metabolic role of proteins- enzymes
• Structural role of proteins- forms hair and nails
• Name of structural protein- keratin
• Metabolic role of lipids- energy release
• Structural role of lipids in the cell- forms cell membrane
• structural role of lipids in body- insulation of organs