Rate of Reaction Chemistry

• Factors affecting rate: Surface area, pressure, concentration, temperature, presence of a catalyst
• Concentration affects the rate because as concentration decreases, there are fewer molecules available for collision.
• Pressure affects the rate because an increase in pressure leads to more frequent collisions between particles.
• Surface area affects the rate because it increases the number of collisions between reactants.
• Le Chateliers Principle states that the position of equilibrium shifts when a factor affecting the rate is increased or decreased
• The effect of adding a catalyst on the rate depends on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
• Catalysts affect the rate by lowering activation energy without being consumed during reaction.
• Temperature affects the rate because increasing temperature causes faster movement of particles leading to more frequent collisions.
• Increasing surface area can be done by grinding solids into smaller pieces, increasing the size of crystals, or using larger vessels with less liquid.
• Enzymes act as biological catalysts.
• Concentration affects the rate because higher concentration means more particles per unit volume, resulting in more frequent collisions.
• Decreasing surface area can be achieved by dissolving solids in liquids, reducing particle sizes, or cooling down reactions.