L2: Literary Approaches

• What are literary approaches used for?

  To compare, analyze, interpret, and evaluate literature
• What does Formalism assert about literary texts?

  They should be read as autonomous works
• How should a text be critiqued according to Formalism?

  Based only on its inherent characteristics
• What are the key concepts of New Criticism?

  • Close Reading: Excludes external influences
  • Intentional Fallacy: Misreading based on author's intent
  • Affective Fallacy: Misreading based on reader's emotions
• Who was Karl Marx?

  A German philosopher and scholar
• What did Marx and Engels theorize about history?

  It is a history of class struggles
• What system did Marx believe society was based on?

  An unjust system privileging capitalism
• What is the inevitable outcome of capitalism according to Marx?

  It will inevitably collapse
• What does Marxism focus on in literary texts?

  The role of power, politics, and money
• Who coined the term "Deconstructionism"?

  Jacques Derrida
• What does Deconstructionism suggest about meaning?

  Meaning is indefinite and undecidable
• How does New Historicism view history?

  As a narrative text influenced by biases
• How is a text read in Feminism?

  Within a social context
• What does Feminism analyze in literature?

  Textual representations from a woman's perspective
• Who are notable figures in Feminism?

  • Simone de Beauvoir
  • Rosa Luxemberg
  • Hannah Arendt