Biology experiments

• Water is important for all living organisms as a good solvent and maintains its temperature well.
• Iodine is used to test for starch and it changes from red-yellow to blue-black if starch is present.
• Brown paper is used to test for lipid and a translucent stain indicates lipid presence.
• Benedict’s or Fehling’s solution is used to test for reducing sugar (glucose) and it changes from blue to red if reducing sugar is present.
• Nitrogen is always found in protein, other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
• Meat is a food source that is rich in protein.
• The origin of the coronary artery is found in the Aorta or near the semilunar valve.
• The control in an investigation is the experiment with no celery.
• A denatured enzyme is an enzyme that has lost its shape and function, resulting in an irreversible change of shape.
• The product is more cloudy for the freely dissolved yeast than the immobilised yeast.
• pH is kept constant in an investigation by using a buffer with the same pH.
• Calcium alginate beads are formed using a syringe by adding droplets of yeast and sodium alginate mixture into calcium chloride and leaving to harden.
• Enzyme activity can be measured by measuring the volume of foam produced per minute.
• It is necessary to keep pH constant in an investigation to eliminate it as a possible influence on rate or to only have one variable.
• The application of the immobilised enzyme is examined by testing products using glucose test strips.
• The result of the immobilised enzyme experiment is that the freely dissolved yeast is quicker to form glucose than the immobilised yeast.
• There was no foam produced in the control in the investigation.
• An immobilised enzyme is an enzyme attached to a substance it won’t react with.
• Sucrase is the enzyme immobilised in the experiment.
• The term optimum activity is used for an enzyme working at its most efficient (or best) or best / fastest rate.
• The enzyme worked best at 25 °C in the investigation.
• The optimum pH for catalase is 9, hence the apparatus is kept at pH 9.
• The control in the immobilised enzyme experiment is the separating funnel with sucrose and freely dissolved yeast.
• Storing food in salty water prevents the growth of bacteria or fungi by dehydrating them.
• The heart and lungs are located in the thoracic or chest cavity.
• Semi-permeable membranes allow some substances through and block others.
• The left ventricle of the heart has the greatest amount of muscle in its wall.
• The septum separates the right side of the heart from the left side.
• Cardiac muscle can shorten or contract.
• The pulmonary vein is a blood vessel that brings blood back from the lungs to the left atrium (auricle) of the heart.
• Cardiac muscle is a type of muscle found in the heart.
• Heart muscle doesn’t tire.
• The coronary artery provides the heart muscle with oxygen.
• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane, from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
• The purpose of the valves in the heart is to prevent backflow of blood.
• The left atrium (auricle) of the heart receives blood back from the lungs.
• The difference in colour or depth of colour, if any, between the nucleus and cytoplasm when the stained cell was viewed under the microscope was noted as cytoplasm paler or nucleus darker or nucleus blue.
• Enzymes can change shape and fit the substrate active site.
• The enzyme was sourced from celery.
• pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is.