Biological molecules

• Elements in Proteins: CHONS
• Elements of Carbohydrates and lipids: Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen
• Building blocks of Carbohydrates:

  Monosaccarides: Simple sugars like Glucose and fructose

  Disaccharides: 2 simple sugars joined together like Lactose, sucrose, maltose (LSM)

  Polysaccharides: Polymers that are made up of lots of sugars:Glycogen,Chintin, Cellulose,Starch (GCCS)
• What is Starch: A plant based polysaccaride that is entirely composed of glucose.

  Starch breaks into 2 forms: amylose (simplest form ) and amylopectin (more complex)
• What is Glycogen?

  Glycogen is an animal starch stored in the liver and muscles of vertebrates.
• Building blocks of Proteins: Amino acids
• Building blocks of lipids: 1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids
• Name of bonds for Protein,Carbohydrates, and lipids

  Protein: Peptide bond

  Lipids:Ester bond

  Carbohydrate Bonds: Glycosidic
• How to make Polymers:

  Dehydration Synthesis: An anabolic process by which two molecules are chemically bonded through the use of enzymes and a loss of water.
• How to break polymers:

  Hydrolysis: is a catabolic process by which the bond between monomers are broken by the enzyme and the addition of water.
• Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body but without itself undergoing any pernament chemical change
• Enzymes are specific-they can only catalyse one type or group of reaction.
• What are 3 things that animal and plant cells have in common?

  Nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane
• What are 3 things that animal and plant cells don't have in common?

  Cellulose cell wall ,Large vacuole and chloroplast