Endocrine

• causes & s/s of hyperpituitarism

  cause - tumor

  s/s - increased ICP, headache, nausea/vomiting, altered LOC, visual changes, sensory/motor function of facial muscles
• describe gigantism

  increased level of growth hormone in children caused by adenoma

  s/s - increased bone length, cardiovascular disease
• describe acromegaly

  increased level of growth hormone in adults caused by pituitary adenoma

  s/s - increased bone width, soft tissue increase, arthralgias, hypertension, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, sleep apnea, elevated blood glucose, headache, visual disturbances
• describe cushing's syndrome

  excess glucocorticoids caused by excessive ACTH, tumor on adrenal gland, or iatrogenic

  s/s - excess cortisol effects, excess androgen effects, muscle weakness, thin skin, purple striae, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, hypertension
• describe addison's disease

  lack of all adrenal cortical hormones caused by autoimmune, infection, cancer, bilateral hemorrhage, or drugs

  s/s - weakness, fatigue, lethargy, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, hypoglycemia, bronze skin, blue/black mucous membranes
• describe grave's disease

  primary hyperthyroidism (autoimmune)

  s/s - exophthalmos, dermopathy, goiter, increased BP, HR, RR, dysrhythmias, palpitations, nervousness, tremor, heat intolerance, diaphoresis, increased reflexes, weight loss, increased appetite, diarrhea, fine hair
• describe hashimoto's thyroiditis

  primary hypothyroidism from autoimmune disorder

  s/s - slowed metabolism, weakness, weight gain, decreased appetite, yellow skin, constipation, decreased reflexes and muscle tone, bradycardia, decreased libido
• complications of hyper/hyposecretion of growth hormone

  hypersecretion - gigantism or acromegaly

  hyposecretion - increased body fat, decreased muscle mass, psychologic problems in adults, hypopituitary dwarfism in children
• what are expected lab values for hypo/hyperthyroidism?

  hyper - low TSH and high T3 and T4

  hypo - high TSH and low T3 and T4
• s/s of hypo/hyperthyroidism

  hyper - dermopathy, goiter, increased BP, HR, RR, dysrhythmias, nervousness, weight loss, heat intolerance, increased reflexes, diarrhea, hair loss, diaphoresis

  hypo - cretinism, slowed metabolism, weakness, weight gain, cold intolerance, decreased reflexes, constipation, bradycardia, anemia
• health concerns of infants with hypothyroidism

  cretinism - prolonged physiologic jaundice, hoarse cry, enlarged tongue and abdomen, umbilical hernia, constipation, lethargy, mental retardation, impaired growth
• s/s of excess adrenal hormones

  excess androgen effects, weight gain, thin skin, muscle wasting, purple striae, glucose intolerance (hyperglycemia), osteoporosis, depressed immune system, depression