Simple Harmonic Motion

• Frequency (f) is the number of oscillations per second.
• The period (T) is the time taken to complete one oscillation, measured between two points that are equidistant from the equilibrium position.
• The amplitude is the maximum displacement from equilibrium.
• Time Period = Time taken to complete one full oscillation
• The time taken to complete one full oscillation is known as the period T.
• Amplitude (A) is the maximum displacement of an object from its equilibrium position.
• Period = 1/frequency
• Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is a to and fro oscillatory motion in which acceleration of the body is directly proportional to the displacement of the body from the mean position and is always directed towards the mean position.
• The motion of a mass attached to a spring, simple pendulum and that of a ball inside a bowl is SHM.
• Time taken by the simple pendulum to complete one cycle is called its time period and depends upon the length of the pendulum.
• The number of cycles completed in one second is called frequency of a vibrating body and is reciprocal of time period.
• The maximum displacement from mean position of a body performing SHM is called amplitude.
• Wave is a phenomenon of transferring energy from one place to another without the transfer of matter.
• Mechanical waves are those waves which require some medium for their propagation.
• Electromagnetic waves do not require any medium for their propagation.
• Transverse waves are the mechanical waves in which particles of the medium vibrate about their mean position perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the waves.
• Compressional (longitudinal) waves are the mechanical waves in which particles of the medium vibrate about their mean position along the direction of propagation of the waves.
• The speed (v) of a wave is equal to the product of frequency ( f ) and wavelength (λ) i.e.,v =f λ.
• Ripple tank is a device used to produce water waves and to demonstrate different properties of water waves like reflection, refraction and diffraction.
• When a wave travelling from one medium falls on the surface of another medium, it may bounce back into the first medium, a phenomenon is called reflection of waves.
• When waves from one medium enter the second medium at some angle their direction of travel may change, a phenomenon is called refraction of waves.
• The speed and wavelength of wave change in different media but frequency does not change.
• The bending of waves around obstacles or sharp edges is called diffraction of waves.
• Label the Diagram

  A) Compressions

  B) Rarefactions

  C) Compressions

  D) Wavelength

  
• Sound travels through solids as longitudinal waves.
• In liquids sound travels faster than air because molecules in liquid are closer together so there is less space between them to transmit energy.
• Diagram of ripple tank

  A) illumination

  B) shallow tank of water

  C) oscillating paddle

  D) power supply

  E) wave patterns on a viewing screen or table

  
• Illumination


  The light source used to illuminate the wave patterns created in the ripple tank
• Shallow tank of water


  The container that holds the water used to create the wave patterns
• Oscillating paddle


  The device that creates the wave patterns in the ripple tank
• Power supply


  The source of power that drives the oscillating paddle
• Wave patterns on a viewing screen or table


  The surface on which the wave patterns are observed