1.1

• Values

  Values are general principles or guidelines for how we should liv our lives. They tell us what is right and what is wrong ; what is good and what is bad.
• Norms 


  while values lay down general principles or guidelines , norms are specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern peoples behaviour in particular situations.
• moral codes

  the term ‘moral code’ (or ’ethical code’ or ’code of ethics‘) is often used to describe a set of basic rules , values and principles held by an individual , group , organisation or society as a whole.
• Moral code

  • the police code lays down nine. Policing principles : accountability , integrity , openness , fairness , leadership , respect , honesty , objectivity and selflessnes.
• defining deviance

  • deviance is any behaviour that differs from normal
  • behaviour that is unusual and good : such as heroically raising one’s own life to save someone else’s.
  • behaviour that is unusual and eccentric and bizarre , such as talking to their trees in the perk , or hearing huge quantities of old newspapers
  • behaviour that is unusual and bad or disapproved of , such as physically attacking someone for no reason.
• forms of deviance

  • societies have many different rules and therefore deviance , which involves breaking these rules , can take many different form
  • these can range from extremely serious acts of rage , murder or arson to very trivial things such as queue jumping.
• positive sanctions

  sanctions can also be positive , such as reward for behaviour that society proves of. Examples include medals for bravery or for sporting achievement and praise from a parent or teacher. Like negative sanctions they can be formal or informal.
• social control

  all sanctions , formal or informal , positive or negative , are forms of social control-ways in which behaviour and ensure that we can conform our behaviour and ensure that we conform to its norms and behave in a way that others expect us to.