GCSE MEDICINE mock

• Wars destroyed the Roman public health system and medical libraries
• Travel became more dangerous reducing communication between doctors and patients
• Training of doctors was abandoned. Copies of galena books were lost or hidden away
• The Catholic Church set up universities where doctors could be trained
• Armies took doctors to war where the gained experience as surgeons
• Monasteries controlled education and the church. They were the only places where people could read and write.
• Church banned books they didn't want ppl reading
• Medical care for the poor came from hospitals set up by monasteries
• Genuinely ill ppl were turned away due to spread of disease or going against Gods wishes
• Galens ideas were rediscovered. Church leaders looked carefully at galens work and decided they fitted with Christian ideas
• 1250-1500 was known as the medieval era
• The lifespan of women and men in the medieval era was 37 for men and 36 for women
• In 1348 the Black Death happened
• In the Renaissance lifespan of men and women was 41 for men and 38 for women
• Renaissance was 1500-1750, a period of rebirth in the arts and sciences
• In the Industrial revolution life expectancy for men was 45 and women 49
• Hippocrates designed four humours
• Galen develops four humours with theory of opposites
• Hippocrates was 460~370 BC, he was the father of medicine
• Hippocrates believed in observing and noting symptoms
• Galen was 130-210 AD
• Galen proves brain controlled the body not the heart
• Trepanning~ surgical removal of a portion of the skull to relieve pressure
• Epidemic ~ widespread outbreak of disease
• Dissection: the action of dissecting a body or plant to study its internal parts
• Four humours believes the body contains four things~blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile
• Islamic empire controlled by caliph
• 5Bs of Galenic medicine

  balance four humours

  brain controls speech

  blood carried by arteries and veins

  body structure like apes

  books influence
• Barber surgeons were untrained surgeons who practiced basic surgery
• Medieval period Often used urine charts and zodiac charts
• Causes of disease for medieval ppl were : God, miasma,life,supernatural, four humours
• Medieval doctors treat disease with urine charts, bloodletting, prayer, whipping , pilgrimage, herbal remedies and purging
• Between 1000-1500 more than 700 hospitals were opened In England
• The black death was caused by bacteria Yersinia Pestis which is spread through fleas on rats
• In medieval times people believed that diseases came from bad air called miasmas
• Black Death symptoms are fever, vomiting, swollen lymph nodes, skin lesions, coughing up blood, diarrhoea, seizures, coma and death within days or weeks.
• In the renaissance there was an increase in knowledge about human body structure and function due to dissection and microscopes being invented
• Treatment for the Black Death was to isolate people from others, burn clothes and belongings, use mercury as it kills germs but also causes kidney damage and death
• William Harvey discovered how blood circulates around the body
• During the Renaissance, Galen's ideas were challenged by Andreas Vesalius who discovered new structures such as the middle ear bones and the spleen