Bones, Joints and POM

• What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?


  Protection, Posture, Production, Movemen, Mineral store and Support
• What does protection do?


  They are bones that protect vital organs and parts of the body that otherwise wouldve been easily damaged
• What does posture do?


  Bones ensure that less stress is placed upon muscles/joints by aligning the body.
• What is the function of movement


  Bones provide an area for muscles to attach to, are levers for movement
• What is the function of mineral store 


  Bones act as a store for vital minerals including calcium, iron and potassium
• What is the function of support?


  The skeleton gives the body its shape and also holds any vital organs in place.
• what is the function of production


  The larger bones produce red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet.
• What is a short bone 


  A bone that is as long as it is wide e.g. carpals and tarsals
• What is a long bone?


  A bone that is longer than it is wide and has both ends covered in hyaline cartilage. Produces blood cells, e.g. femur and phalanges
• what is a flat bone?

  There are strong flat plates of bone, provide protection for vital organs, a base for muscular attachment. E.g scapular, sternum, ribs and cranium.
• What is an irregular bone?


  has non uniform shape. e.g. vertebra, sacrum.
• What is a sesamoid bone?


  Allows for easy joint movement and relieves pressure. e.g. patella.
• What are the 5 features of a synovial joint?

  Ligament, tendon, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, joint capsule & bursa
• What is the function and structure of a ligament?

  Function: Connects bone to bone and stabilises a joint in movement

  Structure: Tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue
• What is the function and structure of synovial fluid?

  Function: reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage

  Structure: lubricating liquid contained within a joint cavity
• What is the function and structure of articular cartilage?

  function: absorbs shock and allows for friction free movement

  Structure: smooth tissue which covers the surface of the articulating bones
• What is the function and structure of the joint capsule?

  Function: encloses and strengthens the joint, secreting synovial fluid

  Structure: a fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
• What is the function and structure of bursas?

  function: reduces friction between tendons and bones

  Structure: a closed fluid filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
• What are the 6 types of joints?

  Hinge, ball and sockets, condyloid, pivot, gliding and saddle joints
• What does A-Level PE include?

  Anatomy and Physiology, Exercise Physiology, Biomechanics
• What is expected regarding attendance in A-Level PE?

  Attendance and punctuality are essential
• What is the role of bones in the skeletal system?

  Bones provide shape and hold organs in place
• What are the four sections of the vertebrae?

  Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral
• What are the functions of the skeleton?

  • Provides shape and support
  • Protects vital organs
  • Allows movement through muscle attachment
  • Produces blood cells
  • Stores minerals like Calcium and Iron
• What is the function of long bones?

  Act as levers for movement and blood cell production
• What defines short bones?

  Approximately as long as they are wide
• What is the role of synovial joints?

  Allow human movement through articulation
• What is a hinge joint?

  Allows flexion and extension
• What movements do ball and socket joints allow?

  Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation
• What is the function of articular cartilage?

  Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement
• What is the role of ligaments in synovial joints?

  Connect bone to bone and stabilize joints
• How does synovial fluid benefit joints?

  Reduces friction and nourishes cartilage
• What are the six types of synovial joints?

  1. Hinge Joint
  2. Ball and Socket Joint
  3. Condyloid Joint
  4. Pivot Joint
  5. Gliding Joint
  6. Saddle Joint
• How do synovial joints support long-term participation in sports?

  They allow a wide range of movements
• What is the function of sesamoid bones?

  Ease joint movement and relieve pressure
• What is the significance of the vertebrae?

  Supports the weight of the upper body
• What do larger bones produce?

  Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
• What is the role of the biceps in a bicep curl?

  Attach to the radius for flexion
• What minerals do bones store?

  Calcium, Iron, and Potassium
• What is good posture characterized by?

  Being balanced and upright