Perspective in Dentistry

• Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) is important in dental filling as it helps prevent further damage or decay, maintains its function, and protects the tooth's structural integrity until a long-term solution can be implemented.
• IRM is a low-strength base material designed for intermediate restorations intended to remain in place for up to one year.
• GIC was established in the early 1970s by Wilson and Kent.
• Glass Ionomer Cement bonds well to the tooth structure, offering good support and potentially reducing the risk of fractures.
• The binding properties of Glass Ionomer Cement help in preserving the integrity of the tooth.
• Glass Ionomer Cement has a median survival of 30-42 months in permanent teeth.
• A principal benefit of Glass Ionomer Cement is that it will adhere chemically to dental hard tissues, thereby reducing the risk of caries.
• Glass Ionomer Cement has a 93-98% survival rate over the long-term span of the tooth.
• In the 1980s and 90s, two types of glass-ionomer material were developed: one with a metal component and the other with a light-polymerized liquid resin component.
• Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a self-adhesive restorative material with a strong anticariogenic effect, useful in pediatric and restorative dentistry.
• Due to its power and liquid base, Intermediate Restorative Material is easy to manipulate and has a shorter time to set.
• Intermediate Restorative Material is a polymer-reinforced zinc oxide eugenol composition designed for intermediate restorations intended to remain in place for longer than one year.
• Intermediate Restorative Material, a reinforced zinc oxide eugenol, is used in dentistry as a temporary filling or base, emerging around the 1960s to fulfill the need for a durable, easily removable, and temporary solution.
• Intermediate Restorative Material is used for temporary crowns and temporary fillings, and has set time to remove the sensitivity from the other restorative components.
• Intermediate Restorative Material may also be used as a base under restorative materials and cements that do not contain resin components.
• GIC serves various purposes, including restorative material for filling cavities, lining for crowns and bridges, base or liner for added protection, and orthodontic material.
• Neutral hand position: The little finger should be slightly lower than the thumb and the wrist should be aligned with the forearm.
• Do not rotate your thumb down or place it parallel to the floor.
• Do not bend your hand and wrist up or down.
• Neutral upper arm position: Upper arms should hang in a vertical line parallel to the long axis of the torso and elbows at waist level are held slightly away from the body.
• Do not abduct the elbows greater than 20° away from the body.
• Do not hold your elbows above the waist level.
• Neutral forearm position: The forearms have to be held parallel to the floor and can be raised or lowered, if necessary, by pivoting at the elbow joint.
• Do not form an angle between forearm and upper arm less than 60°.
• Palm and hand grasp involves holding the handpiece with the entire palm, providing stability during certain dental procedures.
• Pen grasp is similar to holding a pen, where the handpiece is held between the thumb and index finger, allowing for better control and delicate movements.
• Inverted pen grasp involves holding the handpiece in a pen grasp but reversed, with the thumb and index finger pointing towards the dentist.
• This position can be useful in specific situations.
• Thumb-to-nose grasp is a position used by dentists when accessing hard-to-reach areas, guiding the handpiece with the thumb close to the nose for improved maneuverability.
• Handwashing is the act of cleaning one’s hands using any liquid with or without soap to remove dirt or microorganisms.
• Handwashing is the most effective measure in reducing the risk of transmitting infectious diseases.
• Handwashing is the single most effective infection control measure.
• Steps for handwashing include wetting hands with clean running water (warm or cold), lathering up hands with soap, rubbing hands together for at least 20 seconds, washing wrists, the back of hands, between fingers, and under fingernails, rinsing hands well under running water, turning off water with elbow, and drying hands with a clean towel or air drying.
• Advantages of handwashing include keeping workplace healthy, lowering survival rate for lingering bacteria, helping combat the rise in antibiotic resistance, and preventing infections through eyes, nose, and mouth.
• Disadvantages of handwashing include causing long-term changes to the skin, resulting in skin conditions such as chronic skin damage, irritant contact dermatitis, and eczema.
• Indications for handwashing include before touching or coming into contact with a patient, before performing a clean or aseptic procedure, after contact with a patient and their immediate surroundings, after an exposure risk to bodily fluids and glove removal, and after touching an inanimate object in the patient’s immediate surroundings, even if no direct patient contact.
• Contraindications for handwashing include using artificial nails and nail extensions because they contain pathogens in the subungual spaces, increasing the risk for microorganism transmission.
• A surgical hand scrub is an antiseptic surgical scrub or antiseptic hand rub that is performed prior to donning surgical attire and lasts two to five minutes, depending on the product used and hospital policy.
• The steps for scrubbing using the brush-stroke method include regulating the flow and temperature of the water, pre-tearing a package containing the brush, wetting hands and arms for an initial pre-scrub wash, rinsing hands and arms thoroughly, allowing the water to run from the hands to the elbows, removing the sterile brush and file, moistening the brush and working up a lather, scrubbing the spaces under the fingernails of the right or left hand 30 circular strokes, scrubbing the digits 20 circular strokes on all four sides, scrubbing the palm, back of hand, heel of hand, and space between
• Water may be added to the brush at any time during the scrubbing process.