NAV1

• Great Circle

  • A straight line that divides the earth into 2 equal parts.

  • The equator is a great circle.

  • Meridians of longitude are semi great circles.

  • Represents shortest distance between two points.

  • Used for long distance navigation.
• Track (Also known as Course)

  • Is the Intended path of the aircraft over the ground.

  • It can be measured from 0 to 359 degrees.
• Variation:

  • The angle between True and Magnetic meridians.
• Isogonic line:

  • Line of equal or the same variation.

  • Example: Moncton New Brunswick is currently 17 degrees West, but in 1998 it was 23 degrees West.
• Agonic line:

  • Line of 0° variation.

  • The Agonic line changes with the magnetic pole. In 2021 the agonic line is located near Sioux Narrows Ontario.
• Deviation:

  • Compass error, due to metal components in the aircraft.
• Indicated Airspeed (IAS):

  • The uncorrected speed of the aircraft as read from the airspeed indicator.
• True Airspeed (TAS):

  • True airspeed is calibrated airspeed corrected for density altitude.
• Ground Speed (GS):

  • The speed of the aircraft relative to the ground.
• Transverse Mercator

  • Tube principle rotated 90 degrees.

  • Accurate for small area.
• Transverse Mercator Chart

  VTA (VFR terminal area chart)

  • Published for airports with high volume of traffic.

  • Scale: 1:250,000.

  • A line drawn on a VTA is considered a rhumb line as it cuts all meridians of longitude at the same angle.
• Lambert Conformal Conic Charts:

  •Scale: 1:500 000.
• Lambert Conformal Conic Projection

  • Cone principle.

  • Parallels of latitude are curved toward nearest pole.

  
• Straight lines on Charts

  • A straight line drawn on a lambert conformal conic projection is a great circle.

  • A straight line drawn on a Transverse Mercator projection is a rhumb line.

  
• Meridians of Longitude

  • Semi great circles that run north and south to the poles.

  • Can be either True or Magnetic.

  • Measured up to 180° East and West of the Prime meridian (0°) for a total of 360°.

  
• Prime Meridian

  • The 0° meridian (Longitude)

  • Passes through Greenwich, England

  
• Equator

  • A great circle located at 0° Latitude.

  Parallels of Latitude

  • Measured up to 90° North and South.

  
• Rhumb Line

  • Line which cuts all meridians at the same angle.

  • Allows for constant headings.

  • Used for short-distance navigation.

  
• Heading

  • Is the direction with which the longitudinal axis of the aircraft is pointed, not necessarily flying.

  Bearing

  • Direction from a center point to an object.

  • Example: "Your traffic is at your 9 o’clock position"

  • 12 o'clock = straight ahead

  • 3 o'clock = right side

  • 6 o'clock = back / behind you

  • 9 o'clock = left side

  
• Variation:

  • The angle between True and Magnetic meridians.

  
• Isogonic line:

  • Line of equal or the same variation.

  • Example: Moncton New Brunswick is currently 17 degrees West, but in 1998 it was 23 degrees West.

  
• Agonic line:

  • Line of 0° variation.

  • The Agonic line changes with the magnetic pole. In 2021 the agonic line is located near Sioux Narrows Ontario.

  
• Calibrated Airspeed (CAS):

  • Calibrated airspeed is indicated airspeed corrected for instrument and position errors.
• Transverse Mercator

  • Tube principle rotated 90 degrees.

  • Accurate for small area.

  
• What is true about variation?

  1. It remains consistent regardless of the season.
  2. It changes year to year.
  3. It's measured from the south pole and magnetic south.
  4. Variation is virtually zero in the winter due to the earth's axis.
• What line marks zero variation?

  1. Agonic line
  2. Transverse line
  3. Variation line
  4. Polar line
• _______ is indicated airspeed corrected for instrument and position error?

  1. Groundspeed
  2. True airspeed
  3. Calibrated airspeed
  4. Indicated airspeed
• The Prime Meridian is what degree of longitude?

  1. 0
  2. 90
  3. 180
  4. 270
• MEF (Maximum Elevation Figure):

  • The figure shown on a map is gathered from taking the height from the highest known obstruction in the quadrant plus adding 328 feet (100 meters) to the figure and rounding up to the nearest hundred.

  
• Spot height:

  • Spot heights are listed as above sea level (ASL).

  
• Obstructions:

  654 Above Sea Level

  (300) Above Ground Level

  
• Aerodrome Data

  300’ Elevation, 4000’ runway

  ATF, frequency 123.2

  No winter maintenance

  
• Aerodrome Data

  Customs available, Automatic terminal information service,

  477’ Elevation, Runway lights available, 10,500’ runway

  Tower controlled, frequency 118.4

  
• Training and Parachuting Ops

  
• Different Airspaces

  RED: Class D Control Zone Surface to 3500 ASL 3000' ASL

  BLUE: Class D from 1700 ASL Mode C Required

  GREEN: Class D from 1700 ASL Mode C Required

  
• Air to Ground Communication

  On frequency 122.0, FSS will be remotely connected to Sydney from Charlottetown

  
• Advisory and Restricted Airspace

  CYA = Advisory Surface to 500’ Continuous during daylight hours

  CYR = Restricted Surface to 1000’ continuous

  
• Nautical Mile (NM)

  • Is equal to 1 minute of latitude.

  • 6076 ft.

  • 1.15 Statute miles.

  • Used for measuring distances in navigation.
• Statute Mile (SM)

  • 1.6 kilometers.

  • 5280 ft.

  • Used to reference forecasted visibility.

  • 0.869 Nautical miles.
• Knots (KTS):

  • One nautical mile per hour.

  • Airspeed indicators are calibrated in Knots.

  Kilometers (KM):

  • 3280 feet.

  Miles per Hour (MPH):

  • Speed measurements given in statute miles.

  • EX. 100 MPH = 100 statute miles per hour.