Muscle tissue

• What is muscle tissue primarily capable of doing?

  Contracting
• What do muscle fibers contain that is responsible for contraction?

  Proteins
• What are the main functions of muscle tissue?

  • Movement: enables actions like walking, running, lifting
  • Posture: keeps you upright and stable
  • Heat Production: generates warmth to regulate body temperature
• How is cardiac muscle tissue controlled?

  Involuntary
• What is the appearance of smooth muscle tissue?

  Sheet-like, non-striped
• What are the repeating units within myofibrils called?

  Sarcomeres
• What are muscle cells called?

  Fibers
• What is the appearance of cardiac muscle tissue?

  Branched, striped
• What are the four types of muscle tissue?

  Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac, and Connective
• What are the long bundles of skeletal muscle fibers called?

  Myofibrils
• How do the structures of different muscle tissues relate to their functions?

  • Skeletal: Allows voluntary movement
  • Smooth: Controls involuntary movements in organs
  • Cardiac: Pumps blood involuntarily through the heart
• How does the structure of the intercalated disc contribute to its function in cardiac muscle cells?

  • Contains gap junctions that allow for the rapid transmission of electrical signals between cells
  • Contains desmosomes that provide mechanical connections between cells, enabling coordinated contraction
  • Allows for the efficient transfer of metabolites and ions between cells
• What are the key differences between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

  • Shape:
  • Skeletal Muscle: Long, cylindrical
  • Cardiac Muscle: Short, branched
  • Nuclei:
  • Skeletal Muscle: Multiple
  • Cardiac Muscle: One per cell
  • Junctions:
  • Skeletal Muscle: Absent
  • Cardiac Muscle: Intercalated
• How do cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle cells in terms of nuclei?

  Cardiac muscle cells have one nucleus per cell
• What is the contraction mechanism in cardiac muscle cells?

  Similar to skeletal muscle
• What specialized junctions connect cardiac muscle cells?

  Intercalated discs
• What type of filaments are thin filaments in a sarcomere?

  Actin filaments
• Where is cardiac muscle located?

  In the heart
• What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?

  Voluntary movement
• What type of control does cardiac muscle have?

  Involuntary
• Why is the resolution limit of a light microscope 0.2 µm?

  Because it is the wavelength of light
• How is skeletal muscle tissue controlled?

  Voluntary
• What is the location of the striations in skeletal muscle cells?

  Yes
• How does muscle tissue contribute to body temperature regulation?

  By generating warmth through heat production
• What type of control does skeletal muscle have?

  Voluntary
• What are the key features that differentiate smooth muscle from skeletal and cardiac muscle?

  • Appearance: Smooth is non-striped; others are striped
  • Control: Smooth and cardiac are involuntary; skeletal is voluntary
  • Location: Smooth is in organs and vessels; others are in muscles and heart
  • Nuclei: Smooth and cardiac have one; skeletal has multiple
• What is the contraction mechanism in skeletal muscle cells?

  Ca2+ binding to troponin C exposes myosin binding site on actin
• What are the key differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues?

  • Skeletal muscle: Long tube-shaped, multinucleated cells, aligned with nearby cells
  • Cardiac muscle: Long, branching cells with single muscle aligned with nearby cells
  • Smooth muscle: Spindle-shaped cells with single nuclei packed closely
• What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?

  To pump blood throughout the body
• What is the appearance of skeletal muscle tissue?

  Long, striped fibers
• How many nuclei does smooth muscle have?

  One
• What type of contraction is enabled by the structure of cardiac muscle?

  Involuntary rhythmic contraction
• What are the three main types of muscle tissue?

  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
• What type of filaments are thick filaments in a sarcomere?

  Myosin filaments
• What marks the boundaries of sarcomeres?

  Z-discs
• What are the main components of a sarcomere?

  Myosin filaments, actin filaments, Z-discs, H-zone
• What is the contraction mechanism in smooth muscle cells?

  Ca2+ binds calmodulin, triggers MLCK mediated phosphorylation of myosin & actin
• How is smooth muscle tissue controlled?

  Involuntary
• Where is skeletal muscle located?

  In muscles
• Where is smooth muscle located?

  In organs and vessels