FUCKING ORAL REVALIDA

• The nurse is responsible for ensuring that the patient's needs are met.
• Pre-school age includes years 3, 4, and 5.
• Physical growth slows considerably in this period, as their personality and cognitive growth progresses.
• Children in this age may want to do things for themselves like dressing up, and feeding themselves.
• The appearance of an average pre-schooler includes a wide-legged gait, prominent lordosis, protruberant abdomen, ectomorphic or endomorphic body built, and handedness begins to be obvious.
• Average weight gain in pre-schoolers is 4.5 lbs (2 kg) per year.
• Average height gain in pre-schoolers is 2 to 3.5 (6 to 8cm).
• Pre-schoolers have 20 deciduous teeth at age 3.
• Pulse rate in pre-schoolers is 85 beats per minute.
• Blood pressure in pre-schoolers is 100/60mmHg.
• Developmental milestones for fine motor skills include undressing self, stacking blocks, drawing a cross, running, and alternating feet on stairs.
• Developmental milestones for gross motor skills include riding tricycle, standing on one foot, and canning draw a six-part figure.
• Language development in pre-schoolers includes a vocabulary of 900 words at age 3, 1500 words at age 4, and 2,100 words at age 5.
• Exposure of a child to words and stimulating them to converse is an important aspect in learning the language.
• Pre-schoolers make use of their vocabulary to ask questions, with an average of 400/day.
• Developmental milestones for play include taking turns, being very imaginative, playing pretend, and liking games with numbers or letters.
• Puberty refers to the development period between childhood and attainment of adult sexual characteristics and functioning, initiated by maturation of hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary and input by CNS.
• The Growth Spurt refers to the rapid changes in height and weight during puberty.
• Primary Sex Characteristics are the changes that mark the beginning of puberty for girls and boys.
• Secondary Sex Characteristics are other external changes that make adolescents look like mature men and women.
• Family Solidarity is a product with three features: Feature 1, Feature 2, and Feature 3.
• Postpartal Period


  1. weeks period after childbirth
• Puerperium


  • Retrogressive - involution of the uterus and vagina
  • Progressive - production of milk for lactation, restoration of the normal menstrual cycle, and beginning of a parenting role
• Phases of Puerperium


  1. Taking-In Phase

  2. Taking-Hold Phase

  3. Letting-Go Phase
• Taking-In Phase


  1. to 3-day period, a woman is largely passive. Main nursing role is to listen and help the mother interpret events of the delivery to make them more meaningful and clarify and misconceptions.
• Taking-Hold Phase


  Occurs during day 1 - 3 following delivery. Marked by a period of being dependent and passive behavior. Mother's primary needs are her own -- food and sleep. Mother is talkative about her labor and delivery experience. It is the best time for teaching!
• Letting-Go Phase


  Woman finally redefines her new role. She gives up the fantasized image of her child and accepts the real one; she gives up her old role of being childless or the mother of only one or two.
• Development of Parental Love and Positive Family Relationship

  1. En Face position -- eye-to-eye contact

  2. Explore with finger-tips

  3. Hand and Palmar contact

  4. Whole arms --enfolds whole baby close to body
• Claiming or Bonding


  The Claiming Process Includes the identification Of the baby's specific Features, relating them To other family members
• Rooming-In


  Infant stays in the room rather than in the nursery. She can become better acquainted with her child and begin to feel more confident in her ability to care.
• Postpartal Blues


  50% of women experience some feeling of overwhelming sadness for which they cannot account. Hormonal changes- dec progesterone and estrogen. Response to dependence and low self esteem caused by exhaustion, being away from home, physical discomfort and tension. Fearfulness, feeling of inadequacy, mood lability, anorexia and sleep disturbance. Assurance and support.
• Involution


  Reproductive organs return to their normal state
• Uterus


  1. The area where the placenta is sealed off

  2. The organ is reduced to its pregestational size through autolytic process and contraction
• Assessment of the Uterus

  • Placement and Size (location)
  • Tone
  • Lochia

  
• Nursing Care of Uterine Changes

  1. Assessment of the Uterus

  2. Tone

  3. Lochia
• Lochia


  • Lochia Rubra
  • Lochia Serosa
  • Lochia Alba
• Characteristics of Lochia


  • Should not be excessive in amount
  • Should not have an offensive odor
  • Should not contain large pieces of tissue or blood clots
  • Should not be absent during the first 3 weeks
  • Should proceed from rubra -- serosa -- alba
• Cervix


  After birth- soft and malleable, internal and external os is open. Pre-pregnant appearance is a dimpled area in the center -- post-pregnancy appears as a jagged slit.

  
• Vagina


  May be edematous and bruised. Rugae begin to appear when ovarian function returns.
• Perineum


  May have tears, lacerations, or an episiotomy. Assessment Procedure: Turn patient to side-lying / sims position, Gently spread buttocks apart inspect with penlight. Interventions: Hygiene/ Peri-bottle filled with warm water, Wipe front to back; change pads frequently/snug