Introduction to Social Stratification

• Social stratification - how society is built up of different strata (groups) that are positioned into a hierarchy. The least privileged are at the bottom of the hierarchy and the most privileged (the elite) are at the top. The differences between the various stratas of society is called social inequality.
• Different systems of stratification that have existed in human societies:

  • slavery
  • caste
  • estates
  • class
• Slavery - ascribed status - people who have become the property of other members of society. Examples in history such as greek/roman empires, blacks in the colonies. Example of modern day slaves - migrants trapped in employment in a foreign country where they are not free to leave
• Caste - ascribed status - ascribed status found in India and based on Hindu religious belief. People at lowest levels are believed to be suffering a punishment for behaviour in previous life. Caste is a close system.
• Estates - ascribed status - feudal system. Linked to ownership of land. Top of system was aristocracy/gentry. Ownership of land organised by monarchy.
• Class - achieved status - is different from the other three. People can move between the different classes with relative ease. This is an open system. Relies in part on achieved status. Based on economic differences and don't depend on personal relationships. Social class in the system in the UK today.
• Open society - allows for movement
• Closed society - does not allow for movement