SEMENALYSIS OR SEMINAL FLUID ANALYSIS

• It is the analysis or examination of seminal fluid.

  SEMENALYSIS
• SPERMATOZOA - Accounts for about _ of the fluid

  5%
• SPERMATOZOA is from

  testes and epididymis
• FLUIDS FROM SEMINAL VESICLE Accounts for about _ of the fluid

  60-70%
• fluids from PROSTATE GLANDS Accounts for about _ of the fluid

  20-30%
• FLUIDS FROM BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS Accounts for about _ of the fluid

  5%
• Nutritive medium in the fluid

  SEMINAL PLASMA
• Aids in the fertilization process

  SEMINAL PLASMA
• Keeps the sterility of seminal fluid

  CHOLINE AND SPERMINE
• Main sugar of ejaculate

  FRUCTOSE
• Major nutrient of spermatozoa

  FRUCTOSE
• Responsible for coagulation and liquefaction

  PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME (FIBRINOLYSIN)
• Contributes to the alkalinity of the s. fluid

  CARBONATES
• Secreted in the prostate glands

  ACID PHOSPHATASE AND LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE
• Present in human SF, absent in other mammals

  ACID PHOSPHATASE AND LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE
• CONSIDERATIONS in semen analysis

  1. Coital fasting for 2-5 days

  2. Placed in a warm container

  3. Should be examined 1hr after collection

  4. For fertility testing, two or three samples are

  usually tested at 2-weeks interval
• NORMAL COLOR: usually

  grayish white

  translucent
• ABNORMAL COLOR:

  Increased White turbidity

  Reddish

  Yellowish
• seminal fluid should liquefy after

  30-60 minutes
• ABNORMAL: failure to liquefy may be due to low _

  of the prostate


  prostatic enzyme secretion
• VOLUME

  NORMAL: _/ ejaculate (note: always put approximately)

  2-5 ml
• DECREASED volume of semen may be associated with

  infertility

  incomplete specimen collection
• INCREASED volume is caused by

  extended/prolonged abstinence
• ODOR NORMAL:

  Fishy, distinct musty or chlorox-like
• pH NORMAL:

  7.2 to 8.0
• pH ABNORMAL: Greater than _ may indicate bacterial infection within the reproductive tract


  8.0
• pH ABNORMAL: Less than _ may be due to problem with _ secretions and _ secretions

  7

  prostatic

  bulbourethral
• METHODS OF DETERMINING SPERM MOTILITY

  MANUAL

  • Done 1 hour after collection

  Sample should be well-mixed

  10uL of specimen is used

  Estimate in 20 high power field

  May be subjective

  Use petroleum jelly to avoid drying of preparation
• MOTILITY GRADING ACCORDING TO WHO

  4.0 a - Rapid, straight line motility

  3.0 b - Slower speed, some lateral movement

  2.0 b - Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement

  1.0 c - No forward progression

  0 d - No movement
• COMPUTER ASSISTED SEMEN ANALYSIS (CASA)


  Provides objective determination of both sperm velocity and trajectory

  Sperm concentration and morphology are also included in the analysis

  Found primarily in andrology laboratory

  Can perform high volume of semen analysis
• Revitalization Test

  Uses 1 drop of glucose ringer’s solution

  Differentiates true dead from immobilized sperm cells
• a follow-up test if sperm count is normal but motility is decreased.

  Bloom’s Eosin test
• Eosin/Nigrosin test

  Bloom’s Eosin test
• 2 WBC squares or 5 RBC squares.

  Bloom’s Eosin test
• Bloom’s Eosin test Reagent:


  0.5% yellow aqueous eosin
• Bloom’s Eosin test Principle: lack of motility doesn’t mean the sperm is dead.
• is used to differentiate the live (unstained) from

  dead sperm (stained)

  Eosin stain
• Bloom’s Eosin tes tResult: DEAD CELLS:

  pink to yellow
• Bloom’s Eosin test LIVE CELLS:

  bluish white
• Connects to head and midpiece of the cell

  NECK