PREGNANCY TEST

• Detection of a hormone that is present in the blood and urine of a pregnant woman.

  PREGNANCY TESTING
• Fertilization -the sperm and egg unite in one of the fallopian tubes to form a zygote. Then the zygote travels down the fallopian tube, where it becomes a morula. Once it reaches the uterus, the morula becomes a blastocyst.
• human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG),human chorionic gonadotropic hormone, which is secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast of the implanting blastocyst(embryoblast) and from the placenta soon after pregnancy is established.
• the major transporting epithelium in the placenta

  Syncytiotrophoblast
• the outermost layer of the human placenta, the site wherein the exchange of drugs, metabolites, nutrients, waste products, and gases between the maternal and fetal circulations takes place

  Syncytiotrophoblast
• are the so-called epithelial “stem cells” of the placenta


  cytotrophoblast (CTB)
• Pregnancy Test

  HCG-Monoclonal

  “POSITIVE”
• Diagnosis of incomplete abortion Symptoms;

  Moderate to severe vaginal bleeding and passing of clots.

  Abdominal or pelvic pain that may spread to other locations.

  Fever

  Low heart rate, low blood pressure
• Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy

  Treatment:

  -awaits if the pregnancy may pursue

  -methotrexate

  -surgery
• group of rare diseases in which abnormal trophoblast cells grow inside the uterus after conception.

  trophoblastic tumors
• Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)-occurs when;

  -sperm--f---empty egg cell

  -2 sperm---f---a normal egg
• diseases under gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which originates from the placenta and can metastasize.

  H-mole Hydatidiform mole ( molar pregnancy)
• use of laboratory animals

  Bioassays
• Bioassays principle: presence of HCG is determined by injecting specimen into different types of laboratory animals producing anatomic changes
• mature egg is released from the ovary

  Ovulation
• Ovulation-released egg---down to fallopian tube and stays there for 12 to 24 hours--fertilized.
• excess of blood in the vessels supplying organ or other parts of the body

  Hyperemia
• caused by inc. flow of blood into the organs

  Hyperemia
• -usually happens when the organ needs more blood than usual, the blood vessel widens to increase the blood supply

  Hyperemia
• bleeding of corpus luteum

  Corpura hemorrhagica
• formed immediately after ovulation from the ovarian follicle

  Corpura hemorrhagica
• _is formed each time you ovulate, and breaks down once you no longer need it to make progesterone

  new corpus luteum
• corpus luteum produces _ , a hormone that makes our uterus a healthy environment for a developing fetus.

  progesterone
• urine sample was injected into a sexually immature female mouse. If hormones associated with

  pregnancy/HCG were present in the urine sample, the mouse would go into heat despite its young age

  and the test would be positive.

  Ascheim-Zondek