biological explanations of schizo

• What does it mean to say schizophrenia has a biological cause?

  It suggests schizophrenia arises from physical processes
• What are the three main factors discussed regarding schizophrenia's biological cause?

  Genetics, neural structure, neurotransmitter activity
• What does polygenetic mean in the context of schizophrenia?

  Multiple genes increase the risk of schizophrenia
• How many gene loci were identified by Ripke in schizophrenia research?

  108 gene loci
• What does etiologically heterogeneous mean?

  Different gene combinations cause schizophrenia
• What would we expect to find in family studies if schizophrenia has a genetic basis?

  Higher rates of schizophrenia in close relatives
• What is a concordance rate in schizophrenia research?

  Frequency of schizophrenia in both individuals
• Why would we expect a higher concordance rate in siblings than cousins?

  Siblings share more DNA than cousins
• What was the concordance rate found in identical twins according to Gatzman?

  48%
• What is the general population's concordance rate for schizophrenia?

  1%
• What does a 48% concordance rate in identical twins suggest?

  Genetic factors play a significant role
• What is a limitation of the concordance rate data in twins?

  It doesn't guarantee 100% concordance for identical twins
• What percentage of children of schizophrenic mothers developed schizophrenia in a healthy environment?

  5.8%
• What does the adoption study by Tanari suggest about schizophrenia?

  Biological risk is influenced by environment
• What percentage of children of schizophrenic mothers developed schizophrenia in a dysfunctional family?

  36.8%
• What are neurocorrelates in the context of schizophrenia?

  Biological processes correlated with schizophrenia
• What is the dopamine hypothesis related to schizophrenia?

  Imbalance of dopamine causes schizophrenia symptoms
• What is hyperdopaminergia?

  Too much dopamine in the brain
• What symptoms might be caused by hyperdopaminergia?

  Auditory hallucinations and negative symptoms
• What is hypodopaminergia?

  Low dopamine levels in the frontal cortex
• What evidence supports the dopamine hypothesis?

  Success of antipsychotic drugs affecting dopamine
• What did the meta-analysis by Shet find regarding antipsychotic drugs?

  They are more effective than placebo
• What are enlarged ventricles in the brain associated with?

  They are larger in people with schizophrenia
• What is a limitation of the research on enlarged ventricles?

  It is correlational, not causal
• What does determinism imply in the context of schizophrenia?

  Schizophrenia is seen as inevitable due to genetics
• How does reductionism apply to the biological explanation of schizophrenia?

  It simplifies schizophrenia to cellular and chemical processes
• What is the diathesis-stress approach to schizophrenia?

  Genetic vulnerability plus environmental stressors trigger schizophrenia
• What should you avoid when discussing drug treatments in essays about schizophrenia?

  Writing a full essay on drug treatments
• What is the purpose of the tutorial on psycboost for patrons?

  To provide model answers and tips
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