drug treatments

• What are the two classes of drug therapies for schizophrenia?

  Typical and atypical antipsychotics
• How do antipsychotics work in treating schizophrenia?

  They interfere with neurotransmitter systems
• What form can antipsychotic drugs be taken in?

  Pill form or injection
• What are typical antipsychotics known as?

  First generation antipsychotics
• When were typical antipsychotics developed?

  In the 1950s
• What is the mechanism of action for typical antipsychotics?

  They act as dopamine antagonists
• What symptoms do typical antipsychotics primarily reduce?

  Positive symptoms like hallucinations
• What are some side effects of typical antipsychotics?

  Dry mouth, constipation, low energy
• What is tardive dyskinesia?

  Uncontrollable repetitive movements
• What are atypical antipsychotics known as?

  Second generation antipsychotics
• What symptoms do atypical antipsychotics reduce?

  Both positive and negative symptoms
• How do atypical antipsychotics differ in their action compared to typical ones?

  They influence multiple neurotransmitter systems
• What are some side effects of atypical antipsychotics?

  Weight gain and cardiovascular problems
• What is a significant advantage of atypical antipsychotics?

  Less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia
• What did Le Chat's meta-analysis find about antipsychotics?

  They are more effective than placebos
• What did Bagnull's meta-analysis reveal about atypical antipsychotics?

  They are more effective than typical ones
• What was found about clozapine in Bagnull's study?

  It was the most effective for negative symptoms
• What does Tarrier's research suggest about treatment plans?

  Combined treatment is more effective
• How have antipsychotics impacted the economy?

  They allow patients to return to work
• What is a criticism of drug therapies for schizophrenia?

  They may only suppress symptoms
• What is a concern regarding the long-term effects of drug therapy?

  Many studies focus on short-term effects
• What change has drug treatment brought to patient care?

  Shift from institutionalization to community care
• What ethical issue arises with drug treatment?

  Forcibly administering drugs to patients
• What is the dropout rate for patients on antipsychotics?

  Two thirds quit their treatment plan
• What happens when patients stop taking antipsychotics?

  Symptoms often return quickly
• What are the key differences between typical and atypical antipsychotics?

  • Typical antipsychotics:
  • First generation
  • Primarily reduce positive symptoms
  • More severe side effects
  • Atypical antipsychotics:
  • Second generation
  • Reduce both positive and negative symptoms
  • More manageable side effects
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of drug therapy for schizophrenia?

  Advantages:

  • Effective in reducing symptoms
  • Cost-effective compared to therapy
  • Allows community treatment

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • May only suppress symptoms
  • High dropout rates
  • Ethical concerns with forced treatment