ethics

• What is the responsibility of researchers in psychology towards participants?

  To look after their participants
• What are participants' rights in psychological research?

  To be informed and give consent
• Who decides the ethical guidelines for psychological research in the UK?

  The British Psychological Society (BPS)
• What is the BPS's role in psychological research?

  To write ethical guidelines
• What is the nature of the BPS's ethical guidelines?

  They are advisory and can be bent
• What happens if a researcher seriously mistreats participants?

  They may be expelled from the BPS
• What is informed consent in psychological research?

  Participants must understand the study's aims
• What should participants be informed about before research begins?

  The aims, purpose, and consequences of the study
• Who can give consent if participants cannot?

  A parent or guardian
• What right do participants have regarding their participation?

  The right to withdraw at any stage
• What must researchers do if participants withdraw?

  Destroy any personal data collected
• What must researchers consider regarding protection from harm?

  Participants' psychological well-being and dignity
• What is confidentiality in psychological research?

  Keeping personal records secure and private
• When can confidentiality be broken?

  If a participant or others are in danger
• What is debriefing in psychological research?

  A conversation after the study explaining its purpose
• What should researchers check during debriefing?

  For any harm caused and offer assistance
• What ethical issues can psychologists face?

  Balancing participants' rights and valid data collection
• How did Milgram's study breach ethical guidelines?

  It deceived participants and caused harm
• What is demand characteristics in research?

  Participants altering behavior due to awareness of aims
• What are alternatives to informed consent?

  Prior general consent, retroactive consent, presumptive consent
• What is a cost-benefit analysis in research?

  Comparing potential costs to benefits of research
• What role does an ethics committee play in research?

  They evaluate research based on ethical principles
• What happens at the end of a study regarding ethical issues?

  Debriefing participants about deception and rights
• What are the key ethical guidelines in psychological research?

  • Informed consent
  • Right to withdraw
  • Protection from harm
  • Confidentiality
  • Debriefing
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using deception in psychological research?

  Strengths:

  • Reduces demand characteristics
  • Allows for more natural behavior

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Breaches informed consent
  • Can cause emotional distress
• How should a researcher handle a situation where ethical guidelines are breached?

  • Conduct a cost-benefit analysis
  • Consult with an ethics committee
  • Debrief participants thoroughly
• What should be included in a debriefing form?

  • Purpose of the study
  • Any deception used
  • Participants' right to withdraw data
  • Support resources if harmed
• What are the implications of Milgram's study on ethical guidelines?

  • Highlighted need for strict ethical standards
  • Raised awareness of participant welfare
  • Influenced future research ethics