nature V nurture

• What are the two categories of causal factors for behavior according to psychologists?

  Biology and experiences
• What does the term 'nature' refer to in psychology?

  Genetic makeup and biological processes
• What does the term 'nurture' refer to in psychology?

  Experiences during a lifetime
• Do most psychologists believe behavior is entirely due to nature or nurture?

  No, it's a combination of both
• What is the main focus of the nature-nurture debate?

  Influence of nature versus nurture on behavior
• What is the misconception about the nature-nurture debate?

  That it's either nature or nurture only
• How do behaviorists view the role of biology in behavior?

  They accept biology's role in behavior
• What are primary reinforcers according to behaviorists?

  Food and sex
• What do biological psychologists argue about behavior?

  It's due to inherited genes
• How can early trauma influence behavior according to biological psychologists?

  It can create vulnerability to mental health issues
• What is the concept of brain plasticity?

  The brain adapts in response to experiences
• Who is associated with the nature side of the debate?

  Descartes
• What did Descartes believe about innate ideas?

  They are the foundation of knowledge
• Who is associated with the nurture side of the debate?

  Locke
• What is empiricism according to Locke?

  Knowledge is acquired through experience
• What does the term 'tabula rasa' mean?

  The mind is a blank slate at birth
• What is a genetic explanation for OCD?

  Individuals inherit vulnerability to OCD
• What is the monotropic theory of attachment?

  Babies have an innate need to attach
• What do evolutionary theories suggest about behaviors?

  Genes code for adaptive behaviors
• How do behaviorists explain phobias?

  Phobias form through traumatic associations
• What is interactionism in the context of nature-nurture debate?

  Nature and nurture influence each other
• What is the diathesis-stress explanation?

  Genetic vulnerability plus stress triggers disorders
• How does aggression in young males relate to nature and nurture?

  It's influenced by biological and cultural factors
• What does determinism mean in the context of nature-nurture debate?

  Behavior is caused by genes or environment
• How can twin studies demonstrate the nature-nurture interaction?

  They show concordance rates for conditions
• What is concordance in twin studies?

  Likelihood of one twin having a condition
• What does a higher concordance rate in monozygotic twins suggest?

  Increased genetic similarity influences risk
• What is the implication of a purely genetic explanation for OCD?

  It leads to developing SSRIs as treatment
• What is the most successful treatment for OCD?

  A combination of SSRIs and CBT
• How can accepting environmental causes of behavior empower individuals?

  They can actively change their thought processes
• What could accepting biological causes of aggression imply for the legal system?

  It may reduce sentences for certain criminals
• What is epigenetic modification?

  Environmental factors influence gene expression
• How can positive experiences affect the epigenome?

  They can enhance gene expression positively
• How can negative experiences influence the epigenome?

  They can alter gene expression negatively
• How can parental experiences affect their infants' epigenome?

  They can influence gene expression in infants
• What is the relationship between innate and environmental factors?

  They closely interact and influence each other
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