Hypovolemia: Nursing Management

• What is the underlying cause of deficit related to fluid/electrolyte loss?

  Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating
• What medications are used for nausea and vomiting?

  Dimenhydrinate or Ondansetron
• What should not be administered in case of infectious diarrhea?

  Loperamide
• What is the purpose of albumin in fluid shifting?

  To move fluid back into intravascular spaces
• What are the blood products used for fluid shifting?

  Albumin 5% & 25%
• What are the major uses of albumin administration?

  • Volume expansion and diuresis
  • Patient with ascites & bacterial peritonitis (25% albumin)
  • Hepatorenal syndrome (25% albumin)
  • Plasma exchange procedures (5% albumin)
  • Edema management (most common)
• What is the maximum infusion rate for Albumin 5%?

  300 mL/hr excluding exchange procedures
• What is the maximum infusion rate for Albumin 25%?

  120 mL/hr
• How can fluids and electrolytes be replaced?

  1. Orally
  2. Intravenously
• What are the general principles for fluid replacement?

  • Use isotonic fluids for isotonic losses
  • Use hypotonic fluids for hypertonic losses
  • Use hypertonic fluids for hypotonic losses
• What is shock characterized by?

  Decreased tissue perfusion and impaired metabolism
• What is the definition of shock?

  A syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion
• What are the symptoms of shock?

  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Increased heart rate
  • Altered mental status
  • Cold, clammy skin