london

• "I wander thro' each charter'd street, Near where the charter'd Thames does flow"--> "charter'd" by now applying it to the Thames. Here, the Thames acts as a kind of symbol in reverse: rivers are often symbols of natural beauty freedom, but in the poem the Thames only adds to the sense of misery, limitation, and restriction.
• mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe.--> mark" is important in these lines. In line 3, it functions as a verb that means "notice." But in line 4, the word becomes a noun, as the speaker describes the way the faces of the people of London visually display their pain and impoverishment.
• In every cry of every Man, In every Infants cry of fear, In every voice: in every ban,--> It's clear that the speaker feels something is fundamentally wrong about every aspect of life in this city, from the cradle to the grave. The capitalization of "Man" and "Infants" again emphasizes the way in which everyone is oppressed by London—these are stand-ins for every man, every infant—and each sound they make is evidence of this oppression.
• "mind-forg'd manacles i hear"--> the sufering is auditory-->"forged"—made—in the mind. These "manacles" (metal bands used to chain people's hands or ankles) are not literal, but rather the product of a collective failure of the imagination about how society could and should be. The alliteration of "mind-forg'd manacles" also subtly chimes with "Man" in line 5, suggesting that human beings are to blame for their own misery --> could be the idea that society is man made, nd the constrainst of society keep man in a cage
• every black'ning chirch appalls"--> But the clear implication here is that the Church has failed its society. The church is supposed to act as a moral and spiritual guide, but all the evidence here points to its inadequacy and ignorance
• every black'ning chirch appalls"--> appals is also th ebliakc fabric put on a coffin--> how the churhc is dyingout
• "runs in blood down Palace walls"--> upper class turn a blind eye towards suffering--> link to french revolution
• LONDON STRUCTURE--> Dramatic monologue - speaks passionately about the suffering he seesUnbroken ABAB rhyme scheme - echoing relentless misery. strict to mimic how strict it is there--> structure of society traps them. juxtaposes the choatic living conditions. the system is built in a way that they will always be poor