Trans - IV Prep

Cards (96)

  • How is fluid balance measured?
    Fluid intake + fluid output
  • What must fluid intake equal for balance?
    Fluid output
  • What are the components of fluid balance?
    • Fluid distribution
    • Fluid intake
    • Fluid output
  • What hormone is associated with fluid output regulation?
    Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
  • What detects fluid deficit in the body?
    Osmoreceptors
  • Which part of the brain receives signals from osmoreceptors?
    Hypothalamus
  • What is the effector organ when there is fluid deficit?
    Pituitary gland
  • Which gland secretes ADH and oxytocin?
    Posterior pituitary gland
  • What are the two main areas where body fluids are located?
    • Extracellular fluid (ECF)
    • Intracellular fluid (ICF)
  • What percentage of body weight is extracellular fluid (ECF)?
    20%
  • What are the two major divisions of extracellular fluid?
    Intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid
  • What is the minor division of extracellular fluid?
    Transcellular fluid
  • What percentage of body weight is intracellular fluid (ICF)?
    40%
  • What regulates fluid intake when plasma osmolality increases?
    Thirst
  • Why do women have less water than men?
    Higher fat percentage in women
  • Where is the thirst control mechanism located?
    Hypothalamus
  • Through which organs does fluid output occur?
    • Lungs
    • Skin
    • Gastrointestinal tract
    • Kidneys
  • What happens to ADH levels with low fluid intake?
    ADH levels increase to retain fluid
  • What influences fluid output?
    Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
  • What is the effect of increased ADH secretion?
    Decreased fluid output
  • What does ANP do?
    Increases fluid output
  • What is the passive movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration called?
    Diffusion
  • What is osmosis?
    Movement of water via semi-permeable membrane
  • What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
    Cell shrinks (crenation)
  • What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
    Cell swells (lysis)
  • What is filtration in the context of body fluids?
    Movement through a membrane of unequal pressure
  • How is urine formed in the kidneys?
    By filtration
  • What is active transport?
    Movement from lower to higher concentration
  • What does active transport require?
    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
  • What are the types of fluid imbalances?
    • Volume and osmolality imbalances
    • ECF imbalances
  • What is hypernatremia also known as?
    Water deficit
  • What is hyponatremia also known as?
    Water excess
  • What is clinical dehydration?
    ECV and hypernatremia combined
  • What is hypovolemia also known as?
    Dehydration
  • What happens during hypovolemia?
    Water is lost, sodium increases
  • What is hypervolemia also known as?
    Overhydration
  • What indicates pitting edema?
    Excessive water in the body
  • What is the normal range for sodium?
    135 to 145 mmol / L
  • What is hyponatremia?
    Sodium deficit
  • What is hypernatremia?
    Sodium surplus