Cellular Respiration

• the four main steps of cellular respiration are glycolysis, link reaction, krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
• glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, and requires no oxygen meaning it is anerobic
• glycolysis produces 2 atp and 2 nadph
• where does the etc happen

  inner membrane of mitochondria
• The electron transport chain is where the majority of ATP is made.
• The electron transport chain is a series of proteins and molecules in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion that transport electrons, contributing to ATP production.
• NADH delivers electrons to the electron transport chain.
• The energy from the electron transport chain is used to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane.
• Electrons are transported by red molecules to their next destination.
• The red molecule also picks up electrons donated by FADH2, another electron carrier made during the Krebs cycle.
• Electrons transported to final protein complex to pump hydrogen ions.
• There is a high concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space.
• Oxygen accepts the electrons to complete their journey.
• Oxygen is crucial for the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
• Hydrogens from the matrix create water during aerobic respiration.
• Without oxygen, the electron transport chain halts, leading to inadequate ATP production and death.
• Hydrogen ions are used to make ATP.
• A protein called ATP synthase creates a channel for hydrogen ions to flow through.
• This flow occurs from high concentration to low concentration, following the natural process of diffusion.
• Hydrogen ions flow through ATP synthase to produce ATP.
• ATP synthase facilitates the diffusion of hydrogen ions from the intermembrane space to the matrix.
• This process causes ATP synthase to spin like a turbine and generate ATP.
• The electron transport chain is essential for respiration.
• The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors.
• The electron transport chain is a key part of the process by which cells convert nutrients into energy.
• the link reaction occurs in the matrix
• the krebs cycle occurs in the matrix
• in glycolysis, a product that will move on to the next stage is 2 pyruvate
• in the link reaction, a product that will move on to the next stage is acetyl-CoA 
• products of the krebs cycle are, fadh2, 3 nadh,2 atp that will be released for use, and carbon dioxide that will be breathed out
• products of the krebs cycle that will move on to the next stage are 3 nadh and fadh2
• products of the link reaction are Acetyl-CoA, 2 Co2, and 2 Nadh
• the products of glycolysis are 2 pyruvate,2 atp, and 2 nadh
• the products of the electron transport chain are 34 atp and h2o
• Anaerobic respiration aka fermentation has two types, lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation
• lactic acid fermentation occurs in bacteria and animals cells (like your muscles). In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into lactic acid and 2 atp.
• alcohol fermentation occurs in yeast when oxygen is not available. In this process, pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down in alcohol, co2, and 2 atp
• Cellular respiration breaks down food to make ATP, a crucial energy molecule.
• ATP is used by every living thing as energy.
• Glucose is broken down in aerobic respiration to produce ATP.