Potassium Imbalances – Assessment Findings

• What is the reference range for potassium levels?

  3.5 – 5 mEq/L
• What is the potassium level that indicates hypokalemia?

  Less than 3.5 mEq/L
• What are some symptoms of hypokalemia?

  Confusion, depression, lethargy
• What serious condition can hypokalemia lead to?

  Respiratory arrest
• What are common urinary symptoms of hypokalemia?

  Polyuria, polydipsia
• What gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with hypokalemia?

  Constipation, decreased bowel sounds
• What muscular symptoms can occur due to hypokalemia?

  Muscle cramps, muscle weakness, poor tone
• What cardiovascular symptoms are indicative of hypokalemia?

  Dysrhythmias, irregular pulse, ECG changes
• What are some causes of hypokalemia?

  Inadequate intake, excessive loss via kidneys
• How does low potassium affect cell excitability?

  All cells are less excitable
• What phrase summarizes the effects of low potassium?

  Low and Slow
• What potassium level indicates hyperkalemia?

  Greater than 5 mEq/L
• What are some symptoms of hyperkalemia?

  Irritability, anxiety
• What gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with hyperkalemia?

  Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, increased bowel sounds
• What muscular symptoms can occur due to hyperkalemia?

  Muscle twitching, progresses to muscle weakness
• What cardiovascular symptoms are indicative of hyperkalemia?

  Bradycardia, hypotension, irregular pulse
• What are some causes of hyperkalemia?

  Excessive intake, impaired renal excretion
• How does high potassium affect muscle activation?

  It leads to ineffective muscle activation
• What phrase summarizes the effects of high potassium?

  High and Ineffective