Citizenship studies

• The UK has an ageing population
• Reasons for the UK’s ageing population?

  Increased demands on the NHS

  Higher cost of social care

  Increase in age related conditions

  Raised cost of pensions for longer time periods
• Ethnicity in the UK has become more diverse
• The landscape of religion is changing
• The number of people with a disability increases with age.
• Increases in benefit sanctions and laws have led to a rise in the number of people in poverty.
• Who are economic migrants?

  People who move to another country for work and economic opportunitíes
• Asylum seekers leave their country of origin due to a well found fear of being persecuted. Their application is yet to be concluded by the home office
• Refugees are people who have a well founded fear of being persecuted for political/social reasons
• The UK is signatory to the Refugee Convention 1951, which is a legally binding agreement between states to protect refugees
• The human rights act 1998 binds the UK by law to recognise human rights such as the right to life, a fair trial and freedom of expression
• Economic Migrants help the economy grow through work, tax, shopping and rent
• Migrants may have specialist skills in shortage areas such as doctors or teachers.
• Immigration can lead to social cohesion as it brings together different cultures and religions
• Diversity, tolerance and respect is enhanced through sharing cultures.
• Migration cause tensions and increase support for nationalism and extremist groups

  
• Rates of pay may reduce if economic migrants work for lower wages
• Population growth makes demands on housing, education, healthcare, and other service, which may increase unemploymenf
• The Commonwealth is a key source of migration to the UK, with 1.2 million people from the Commonwealth living in the UK
• Many migrants from the common wealth prefer the UK because they share elements of British culture, values and the English language
• Migrants from the commonwealth share a history that has created a common history
• The UK appealed to commonwealth countries to help fill job shortages after WW2

  
• There are 53 member states in the commonwealth
• The European Union is a political and economic union of 28 member states that share common values and a common culture.
• Members of the EU are a key source of migration to the UK.
• Members of the EU must abide to the EU's laws and regulations, with a right for EU citizens to live, work and study in any of the member states.
• The UK left the EU on the 31st of January 2020
• Mutual respect is a value associated with being a UK citizen
• Tolerance: the ability or willingness to tolerate the existence of opinions or behaviour that one dislikes or disagrees with
• Individuals who live by basic values create cohesive communities in the UK
• What are the effects of inequality?


  Social unrest, poverty, limited opportunities, and decreased social mobility.
• The Equality act 2010 was passed to consolidate previous discrimination acts in the UK
• The Equality Act 2010 was passed to prevent discrimination, harassment and unfair treatment of individuals

  
• The Equality Act 2010 protects people in educational establishment, the workplace, businesses and other services
• The police monitor and record hate crime, from verbal abuse to physical assault.
• Free legal advice for civil law, including discrimination is provided by Citizens Advice.
• Mutual respect is upheld as a central value underpinning life for UK citizens through laws such as the Equality Act 2010, which protects people from discrimination.

  
• The ECHR has been incorporated into British Law via the Human Rights Act 1998.
• Human rights are protected by international agreements like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
• Mutual understanding underpins a democratic society