wjec gcse chemistry 2.1

• "The more electrons an atom has, the greater its attraction to other atoms."
• Atoms with high electron affinity are good at gaining electrons.
• Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals.
• Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions (cations).
• Non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).
• Positive and negative ions attract each other strongly due to electrostatic forces.
• Covalent bonds occur when two non-metals share one or more pairs of electrons.
• Covalent bonds occur when two non-metals share pairs of electrons.
• In covalent compounds, there is no overall charge on the molecule as all charges cancel out.
• In covalent compounds, there is no overall charge on the molecule.
• The number of covalent bonds formed depends on the number of valence electrons available.
• Hydrogen forms only one covalent bond, while oxygen can form up to four covalent bonds.
• Hydrogen forms only one covalent bond, while oxygen can form up to four.
• Molecules with single covalent bonds are linear, while molecules with multiple covalent bonds have different shapes such as tetrahedral, trigonal planar, and bent.
• The attraction between oppositely charged ions forms ionic compounds.
• The strength of ionic bonds depends on the size of the ions formed.
• Metallic bonding involves metal atoms losing electrons to form positive ions that are held together by strong electrostatic attraction.
• Metallic elements lose electrons to become positive ions (cations), while non-metallic elements gain electrons to become negative ions (anions).
• When atoms form covalent bonds with other atoms, they gain stability by sharing their outer shell electrons.
• Ionic compounds are made from metals and non-metals.
• Ionic compounds have high melting points due to strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.
• Metal atoms lose electrons to become positive ions (cations).
• Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negative ions (anions).
• Ionic compounds consist of positively charged metal ions (cations) and negatively charged non-metal ions (anions).
• Metals lose electrons to become positive ions, while non-metals gain electrons to become negative ions.
• Ionic compounds have high melting points due to strong electrostatic forces holding them together.
• Ionic compounds have high melting points due to the strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
• Ionic compounds consist of positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions arranged in a regular pattern.
• Covalent bonding occurs when two or more non-metal atoms share pairs of electrons.