Cellular Respiration

• Cellular Respiration is making ATP.
• All organisms get their energy from food.
• Metabolism is the chemical reactions in an organism
• Synthesis - combines small, simple organic molecules to form complex compounds for cell growth and maintenance. (Metabolism)
• Synthesis uses energy.
• Decomposition: releases energy by breaking down organic food molecules into simple forms. (Metabolism)
• Decomposition is getting energy.
• Decomposition breaks down food from outside the cell into energy, cellular building blocks and heat inside the cell.
• Synthesis combines energy and cellular building blocks into macromolecules inside the cell.
• The amount of energy in food depends on the types of bonds in macromolecules.
• Chemical bonds hold energy
• Energy stored in food is measured in calories.
• Calorie = the amount of energy to raise 1 gram of water to 1 degree Celsius.
• Food labels use calorie = 1 kilocalorie
• Eat and breathe to gain energy.
• Cellular Respiration is the process of converting food energy into ATP in the pressure of oxygen, called aerobic respiration.
• No oxygen means no cellular respiration
• no mitochondria means no cellular respiration.
• Without oxygen, fermentation (anaerobic respiration) is used, but it is not as good.
• Examples of anaerobic respiration are alcohol, lactic acids (in cheese).
• Cellular Respiration Word Equation: Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
• Stages of Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.
• Glycolysis occurs outside the mitochondria.
• Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain are both conducted inside the mitochondria.
• All three stages of cellular respiration have to be completed for cellular respiration to occur.
• The structure of the mitochondria contains an outer membrane, inner membrane, cristae, and matrix.
• All parts of the mitochondria

  
• The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis.
• In glycolysis, glucose is broken down.
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
• Glycolysis only releases 10% of energy stored in glucose.
• Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules.
• The second stage of cellular respiration is the Krebs cycle.
• The Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondria matrix.
• In the Krebs Cycle, most CO2 is formed as a waste product of glucose.
• The Krebs Cycle produces 2 ATP molecules.
• The third stage of cellular respiration is Electron Transport Chain.
• Electron Transport Chain occurs in mitochondria inner membrane.
• During Electron Transport Chain, O2 is used and H2O is the waste product.
• 90% of energy is gained in the last step of cellular respiration.