uk economic world

• What is the north-south divide?

  The north-south divide is a term used to describe the social, economic and cultural disparities between the London and the south-east of England and the rest of the UK.

  People living in the south-east typically have a longer life expectancy, higher income and better standard of living than those living in the north. House prices in the south-east are higher due to high demand. Rates of unemployment are higher in the north as regions continue to adjust to de-industrialisation.

  The Liverpool Waters Enterprise Zone is a strategy to help.
• Liverpool Waters Enterprise Zone- The Everton Stadium

  -Located in the north-west of England, along the river Mersey

  -Cost of project: £555 million, created 15,000 jobs, generated £1.3 billion for the local economy

  -Advantages: attracts visitors, provides jobs (construction, apprenticeships, training), venue can be used for other events like concerts, solar panels on roof of stadium, restores derelict land

  -Disadvantage: only concentrated in one city so will help one area but not the whole of the north

  -Why does this area need investment? De-industrialisation, area needs regenerating
• What are the causes of economic change in the UK?

  -De-industrialisation (decline of industry due to competition abroad) & decline of traditional industries (primary sector)

  -Globalisation- world is more connected-improvements in technology, transport (quicker imports e.g container ships improve efficiency)

  -Government Policies:

  1945-1979-state run industries declining

  1979-2010-privatisation began but many industries closed, derelict industrial areas turned into financial centres

  2010 onwards-under conservation gov. aim was to rebalance the economy, investment in manufacturing industries
• How has the UK moved towards a post-industrial economy?

  -Development of IT

  -Service Industry-largest sector in UK

  -Finance-over 2 million employed

  -Research(Quaternary Sector)

  -Business & Science Parks
• Science Parks

  -employs recent graduates to apply academic knowledge to business innovation

  -located on edge of uni cities e.g cambridge science park- for transport links and good working environment

  Cambridge:

  Access to A14 and M11 (to London)

  was opened in 1970 by Trinity College but now several Cambridge colleges are there with links to businesses on the science parks
• Research (Quaternary Sector)

  -Over 60,000 highly educated people employed

  -contributes £3 billion to UK economy

  -much research is linked to UK unis like Oxford, Cambridge and Manchester

  -Research is conducted by gov. bodies (NHS, Ministry of Defence + Environment Agency) and private organisations

  -likely to be one of the UK'S fastest growing industrial sectors
• What are the impacts of industry on the physical environment?

  -Air pollution from factories, transport-CO2 emissions, water pollution, burning fossil fuels

  -How can modern industry be more sustainable?

  Nissan Car Factory-7% of energy generated by wind turbines- less water and energy used in the production service.
• What are the social and economical changes in the rural landscape of an area of population decline you have studied (Outer Hebrides)?

  -Social-Falling number of school children=schools closing down +Younger people moving away-fewer people of working age

  -Economic- small scale fishing industry declined + tourism (seasonal) not reliable
• What are the social and economical changes in the rural landscape in an area of population growth you have studied (South Cambridgeshire)?

  -Growing due to migration from Cambridge/Eastern Europe

  -Social-increased car usage due to commuters means more air pollution, strain on services e.g. healthcare, education

  -Economic-Jobs increased (construction), housing prices increased
• What improvements in road and rail infrastructure, port and airport capacity have taken place across the UK?

  -Roads-over 100 new road schemes by 2020, over 100 miles of new lanes added to motorways

  -Rail-Elizabeth line=less congestion, quicker journeys, accessibility

  -Airports-close to major cities, especially London e.g London Heathrow

  -Ports-near coastal areas

  London Gateway employs 2000 people + 6000 at logistics park next to it
• How is the UK linked to other countries?

  -Trade-The UK’s main trading partners are the USA, Germany & Netherlands

  -Culture-Television is one of the leading creative industries, worth over £1.25 billion a year. e.g top gear, doctor who. migration has infused british culture with a range of foods, fashion, festivals and films.

  -Transport-The UK is linked to the European mainland through the Channel Tunnel.

  -Electronic communications-The UK is an important hub, for the global network of submarine telecommunications cables, linking Europe to the USA.
• What economical and political links does the UK have?

  -former EU-uk left in 2020, membership of the EU meant: the free flow of goods, services, capital and labour between the 28 member states.

  -Commonwealth-aims to provide support to individual countries, provide smaller countries with a voice and encourage co-operation between member states. The heads of each country meet every two years to discuss concerns, promote trade and business links and promote sustainable development.