the scientific revolution and enlightenment

• What is the Enlightenment in European history?

  A belief in the possibility of a better world
• What inspired the roots of the Enlightenment?

  The humanism of the Renaissance
• What were the most important sources of the Enlightenment?

  Empirical methods from the scientific revolution
• What are salons in the context of the Enlightenment?

  Social gatherings of the elite
• Who typically hosted salons?

  A lady of high stature
• Where were salons usually held?

  In luxurious drawing rooms
• What purpose did salons serve for philosophers?

  Provided a forum for discussion
• What is another name for the Age of Enlightenment?

  The Age of Reason
• What are the key political theories from the Enlightenment period?

  1. Leviathan Government by Thomas Hobbes

  • Supports absolution and one ruler

  1. Two Treatises of Civil Government by John Locke

  • Advocates for life, liberty, property, and revolution

  1. The Spirit of Laws by Montesquieu

  • Promotes separation of government branches

  1. The Social Contract by Rousseau

  • Governed by the general will of the people
• What does Hobbes' Leviathan Government support?

  Absolution and one ruler
• What does John Locke's Two Treatises of Civil Government advocate for?

  Constitutionalism and rights of the people
• What rights does John Locke assert in his theories?

  Life, liberty, and property
• What does Locke's theory assert about revolution?

  It supports the right to revolution
• What does Montesquieu's The Spirit of Laws promote?

  Separation of three branches of government
• What is the ideal state relationship according to Rousseau's Social Contract?

  Governed by the general will of the people
• Who was Voltaire?

  A French writer and church critic
• What did Voltaire advocate for?

  Freedom of speech and religion
• What is Adam Smith known as?

  The father of economics
• What is the title of Adam Smith's famous work?

  The Wealth of Nations
• What economic concept did Adam Smith promote?

  Laissez-faire economics
• What does laissez-faire economics allow?

  People to pursue their interests freely
• When did the Scientific Revolution precede the Age of Reason?

  By half a century
• What motto became associated with the Enlightenment?

  Sapere Aude or "Dare to think"
• Who proposed the Heliocentric Theory?

  Nicolaus Copernicus
• What does the Heliocentric Theory state?

  The sun is the center of the universe
• Who wrote the Laws on Planetary Motion?

  Johannes Kepler
• What significant work did Kepler write?

  Astronomia Nova
• What did Galileo Galilei invent?

  The thermoscope
• What astronomical confirmation is Galileo credited with?

  Phases of Venus
• What did Galileo observe about Jupiter?

  The four largest satellites
• What did Galileo analyze in his observations?

  The sunspots
• What discoveries is Isaac Newton credited for?

  White composition, calculus, and laws of motion
• What is the law of universal gravitation?

  Whatever goes up, must come down
• Who studied the structure of the human body?

  Andreas Vesalius
• What method did Sir Francis Bacon develop?

  A new method of scientific inquiry
• What is Rene Descartes known for?

  Discourse on Method
• What does "Cogito, ergo sum" mean?

  I think, therefore I am
• What concept does Descartes' work stress?

  The importance of rational analysis