how to measure rate

• measuring gas volume

  you can use a gas syringe

  rate = volume of gas/ time
• measuring mass change

  place reaction/ flask on a balance and record loss of mass over time

  rate= change in mass/ time
• measuring colour change

  colourimeter can be used to measure absorbance of light of a solution

  rate= change of absorbance/ time
• measuring pH change

  used in acid/base reactions

  measure the pH using a pH meter in regular intervals and calculate the H+ concentration
• titration

  monitor the change in concentration of a product/ reactant by taking small samples at regular intervals and titrating them
• how to slow down a reaction

  adding a chemical to stop the reaction (quenching)

  dilute with deionised water

  cool it down