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• What is the most complex system in the body?

  Nervous system
• What is the primary function of the nervous system?

  Production and induction of electrical impulses
• How does the nervous system help us interact with our environment?

  It allows us to receive stimuli and process information
• What are the two anatomical divisions of the nervous system?

  • Central nervous system
  • Peripheral nervous system
• What are the two functional divisions of the nervous system?

  • Afferent/sensory division
  • Efferent/motor division
• What does the central nervous system consist of?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

  Cranial, spinal nerves, and ganglia
• What is the difference between somatic and visceral in the afferent division?

  Somatic is perceived consciously; visceral is not
• What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

  It controls voluntary movements
• What does the autonomic nervous system stimulate?

  Smooth and cardiac muscles, and glands
• What are the two pathways in the autonomic nervous system?

  1. Preganglionic Neuron
  2. Postganglionic Neuron
• What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

  1. Sympathetic
  2. Parasympathetic
• What is the sympathetic division responsible for?

  Responding to danger or stress
• What physiological changes occur during sympathetic activation?

  Increased heartbeat and blood pressure
• What is the role of the parasympathetic division?

  Conservation of energy and relaxation
• What are the main components of a neuron?

  • Soma (cell body)
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
• What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

  They receive stimuli from other neurons
• What are the three parts of a neuron?

  1. Cell Body (Soma)
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
• What is the axon responsible for?

  Conducting nerve impulses to other cells
• What is the synaptic cleft?

  It separates presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes
• What occurs at the presynaptic axon terminal?

  Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis
• What are the classifications of neurons based on structure?

  1. Multipolar Neuron
  2. Bipolar Neuron
  3. Unipolar Neuron
  4. Anaxonic Neuron
• What characterizes a multipolar neuron?

  1 axon and more than 2 dendrites
• Where are bipolar neurons typically found?

  In sensory organs like the retina
• What is the function of sensory neurons?

  Receiving stimuli from receptors
• What are the types of neuroglial cells in the CNS?

  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
• What is the primary role of astrocytes?

  Providing regulated microenvironments
• What is the function of microglia?

  Major mechanism for immunity in CNS
• What do oligodendrocytes produce?

  Myelin for electrical insulation
• What do ependymal cells assist with?

  Production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
• What are the neuroglial cells in the PNS?

  1. Schwann cells
  2. Satellite cells
• What is the role of Schwann cells?

  Insulating and supporting neurons
• What is the function of satellite cells?

  Supporting and nourishing neurons
• What are the stages of nerve tissue development?

  1. Ectoderm thickens to form neural plate
  2. Neural plates fuse to form neural tube
  3. Neural tube detaches from ectoderm
  4. Produces neural crest for PNS