Distillation

• The two types of distillation are simple and fractional distillation
• Simple distillation is used for separating out liquids from a solution
• Using distillation to get pure water from seawater:


  1. Pour sample of seawater into distillation flask
  2. Set up diagram
  3. heat up the mixture, so that water evaporates
  4. As water evaporates, it will go through the condenser covered in a water jacket, cooling and condensing where it is then collected in beaker
• Simple distillation diagram:

  A) thermometer

  B) distillation flask

  C) burner

  D) water out

  E) cold water in

  F) receiving flask

  G) distillate

  H) condenser

  
• Fractional distillation is used when there are more than one liquid with different boiling points
• Fractional distillation diagram:

  A) thermometer

  B) water out

  C) condenser

  D) water in

  E) column

  F) glass rods

  G) flask

  H) crude oil

  I) heat

  
• Fractional distillation diagram

  A) thermometer

  B) coolest

  C) hottest

  D) crude oil

  E) fractions

  F) lower temperatures

  G) fractionating

  H) glass rods

  I) water out

  J) condenser

  K) water in

  L) heat

  
• Fractional distillation for crude oil:

  1. Pour mixture into a flask and attach fractional column filled with glass rods and a condenser above the flasks
  2. Gradually heat the flask. As different liquids have different boiling points, they will evaporate at different temperatures
  3. Liquids with lowest boiling point evaporate first
  4. Liquids with higher boiling point might evaporate but since its colder at the top of the column, it will cool and sink back down
• Fractional columns are better because they have a larger surface area