imforces

• Intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules, not inside molecules.
• Van der Waals forces, also known as London forces, are a type of intermolecular force that are very weak.
• The electrons whizzing around in an atom don't spend the same time in every place, sometimes they might be on one side or the other.
• At any point in time, an atom or molecule has a positive end and a negative end, which is referred to as a temporary dipole.
• If a few molecules have temporary dipoles, they may attract each other for a short time while the dipoles exist.
• Some molecules have a permanent dipole, where one end is negative and the other end is positive, all of the time.
• Hydrogen chloride has a positive and a negative end, and the negative end of one molecule will attract the positive end of another molecule, creating a permanent dipole-dipole attraction.
• If it weren't for hydrogen bonds, water would actually be a gas at room temperature and there wouldn't be life on earth because there wouldn't be liquid water.
• Water molecules have a large dipole due to hydrogen bonding, and they attract each other with hydrogen bonds, which are called hydrogen bonds.
• The strength of intermolecular bonds compares as follows: a covalent bond has a strength of 100, permanent dipole-dipole bonds have a strength of 10, and very weak van der waals forces have a strength of 1.
• A special case of permanent dipole-dipole attraction is a hydrogen bond, which occurs when hydrogen is bonded with fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, creating a large dipole.
• Rules can attract each other all of the time, with the positive and negative ends of different molecules attracting each other.