Assessment/Recognize Cues

• What are the three components of a respiratory assessment?

  History, physical assessment, lab data evaluation
• What does health history include in a respiratory assessment?

  • Biographical data
  • Health status/medical history
  • Environmental factors
  • Lifestyle factors
  • HPI-OLD CARTSS
• What does HPI-OLD CARTSS refer to in health history?

  It refers to a method of assessing symptoms
• What types of conditions are assessed in health history?

  Acute, chronic, and occupational conditions
• What is included in the physical assessment of respiratory function?

  Inspection, palpation, auscultation
• What should be inspected regarding the level of consciousness?

  Alertness and responsiveness of the patient
• What skin color changes indicate respiratory issues?

  Changes in skin and nail color
• What does respiratory rate indicate in a physical assessment?

  It indicates the number of breaths per minute
• How is respiratory rhythm assessed?

  By determining if it is regular or irregular
• What does respiratory effort refer to?

  Work of breathing and muscles used
• How is dyspnea assessed in patients?

  By subjective description and ADL performance
• How can cyanosis present in individuals with dark skin?

  As a whitish/greyish color
• Where does central cyanosis typically appear?

  In the mouth and mucous membranes
• What is peripheral cyanosis?

  Cyanosis of the extremities
• What should be observed regarding chest wall mechanics?

  Shape, chest expansion, and symmetry
• What characteristics of a cough should be assessed?

  Type and characteristics of sputum
• What can a cough indicate in a patient?

  Possible underlying respiratory issues
• What can lead to a weak or ineffective cough?

  Neurological conditions and fatigue
• What does NAFADAD stand for in respiratory assessment?

  Neurological factors affecting cough effectiveness
• What are some signs and symptoms of respiratory issues?

  Chills, fever, diaphoresis, fatigue
• What does palpation assess in a respiratory assessment?

  Chest expansion, tenderness, and fremitus
• What is tactile fremitus?

  Vibration felt over the thoracic cavity
• What does crepitus indicate in a respiratory assessment?

  Escaped air under the skin
• What types of breath sounds are assessed during auscultation?

  Bronchial, bronchovesicular, and vesicular
• What are adventitious breath sounds?

  Sounds different from normal breath sounds
• Where should breath sounds be located during assessment?

  Anterior or posterior locations