Micropara 2

• Regularly found flora in a given are of the body at given age

  Resident flora
• Inhabit the skin and mucous membrane temporarily for hours, days, or weeks; derived from the environment

  Transient flora
• What are the benefits of flora in the body?

  • Protects the body's organs and systems
  • Inhibit the growth of pathogenic organisms
  • Synthesize important vitamins
  • Prevent pathogenic organisms from attaching and penetrating the skin and tissue by producing _____
  • Digestion of food
  • Metabolism of food
• What factors eliminate the non-resident flora on the skin?

  • lysozyme
  • acidic ph
  • free fatty acids
  • constant sloughing off the skin
• what are the 3 regions of the skin?

  • axilla, perineum, toe webs
  • Head, face, trunk
  • upper arms, legs
• What type of bacteria inhabits the 3 regions of skin?

  Gram negative bacillus bacteria
• In dry sites of the skin, what are the predominant bacteria found?

  • Staphylococcus epidermidis (90%) - aerobic
  • Staphylococcus hominis
  • Staphylococcus aureus- nose and genitals
  • Micrococci/ Micrococcus luteus - 20%-80% micrococci in the skin
  • Gram (-) bacillus - E.coli, enterobacter, klebsiella, protens spp.
• What are the bacteria's found in the nails?

  • Aspergillus
  • Penicillium
  • Cladosporium
  • Mucor
• In the mouth and respiratory tract, what are the predominant bacteria found?

  • Streptococcus
  • S. mutans
  • S. milleri
  • S. Salivarius
  • S. sanguis
• Where is viridans streptococci found?

  Mouth
• What type of bacteria inhabits the gingival and tonsillar crypts?

  Anaerobic flora
• Pharynx & Trachea: What are the commonly found bacteria?

  • Haemophilus influenzae - causes flu
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Mycoplasma
• Conjunctiva: what causes the flora here only few?

  Lysosome in tears
• Conjunctiva: What predominant bacteria are found here?

  • Neisseria
  • Moraxella
  • Corynebacterium
  • Staphylococci
  • Streptococci
• Digestive tract: what type of flora inhabit the esophagus?

  Transient mouth flora
• What is the common type of bacteria can live in the stomach and cause duodenal ulcers?

  Helicobacter pylori
• What does helicobacter pylori produce?

  Urease that causes alkalinization in the stomach
• Small intestine: What are the commonly found bacteria?

  • streptococci
  • Lactobacilli - infants
  • Bacteroides
• What is the most inhabited part of the body of normal flora?

  Large intestine
• What type of bacteria inhabits the colon?

  Anaerobes bacteria (95%-99%)
• Colon: What are the commonly found anaerobes bacteria?

  • Bacteriodes fragilis - most common
  • Bifidobacterium/Lactobacillus bifidum- predominant in breast-fed infants
  • Eubacterium
  • Peptostreptococcus
  • Clostridium
• What is the bacteria commonly found in bottle-fed infants?

  Lactobacillus acidophilus
• What is the bacteria found in breast-fed infants?

  Lactobacillus bifidum
• In colon, what are the common 1%-4% of aerobes bacteria?

  • Escherichia coli
  • Enterobacteriaceae
• What are the predominant bacteria found in the anterior urethra?

  • S. epidermidis
  • Enterococci
  • Diphtheroids
• What is the bacteria commonly found in male and female secretion?

  Mycobacterium smegmatis
• What are the bacteria found in the penile urethra?

  • Gardenerella vaginalis
  • Bacteroides
  • Alpha streptococci
• What are the commonly found bacteria in the female urethra?

  • Staphylococcus epidermidis
• What is the commonly found bacteria on female infants?

  Lactobacillus spp.
• What makes the vagina basic and prone to infection?

  Glycogen secretion
• Bacteria that inhabit the vagina when basic (infant-> puberty)

  • staphylococcus epidermidis
  • Streptococci
  • Diphtheroids
  • Escherichia coli
• What are the bacteria that inhabit the vagina when it is acidic?

  • Lactobacillus acidophils
  • Corynebacteria
  • peptostreptococci
  • Streptococci
  • Bacteroides
  • Staphylococci
• What is the bacteria that prevents gonococcal infection? And what does it produce?

  Lactobacillus; lactid acid
• What bacteria causes vaginitis?

  Torulupsis & Candida
• How an individual acquires the infection?

  Chain infection
• Manner how the organism is transmitted

  Mode of transmission
• Specific measures used to prevent the spread of infection

  Standard precaution
• Contact of sterile or unsterile item with microbes

  Contamination
• Remove, inactive, or destroy pathogens

  Decontamination
• Using physical or chemical means to destroy pathogens excluding the spores

  Disinfection