expressed emotion

• What does high expressed emotion indicate about caregivers?

  They express emotions in a negative way
• What does expressed emotion refer to in schizophrenia?

  Relatives' emotional expression towards the patient
• How do EE relatives typically communicate?

  They talk more and listen less
• What are the types of expressed emotion?

  • Critical: Negative comments
  • Hostile: Irritability or aggression
  • Emotional over-involvement: Self-sacrificing or controlling behaviors
• What does hostile expressed emotion involve?

  Irritability or aggression towards the person
• What characterizes emotional over-involvement?

  Self-sacrificing behavior or controlling actions
• How does high expressed emotion affect patients?

  It causes high stress and increases relapse risk
• What did Linszen (1997) find about relapse rates?

  High EE families increase relapse likelihood by 4x
• What is the relapse rate for patients in high EE families according to Kavanagh (1992)?

  48%
• What is the relapse rate for patients in low EE families according to Kavanagh (1992)?

  21%
• What does Kavanagh's meta-analysis suggest about EE?

  EE may be responsible for patient relapse
• How do therapies focusing on reducing EE compare to other treatments?

  They have lower relapse rates
• Why might not all patients in high EE families relapse?

  Individual differences affect responses to EE
• What did Lebell et al. (1993) find about patients' perceptions of EE behaviors?

  Patients' appraisals of behaviors are crucial
• What happens when high EE behaviors are not perceived as negative?

  Patients can do well regardless of EE
• What is important for patients regarding expressed emotion?

  Patients' perception of the family environment
• Are all patients equally vulnerable to expressed emotion?

  No, vulnerability varies among patients