motivational theorists

• What is the main focus of the Mayo Hawthorne Experiment?

  Communication with informal work groups
• Why is it important for management and workers to share the same goals?

  It fosters better teamwork and collaboration
• How can managers involve groups in decision-making?

  By allowing groups to participate actively
• What are potential problems with Mayo's approach to motivation?

  Communication may not break down barriers
• What is the focus of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

  Each need must be met sequentially
• How does Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs describe the importance of needs?

  Higher needs become less important when satisfied
• How should managers address employee needs according to Maslow's theory?

  Identify and satisfy each employee's current need
• What are the problems associated with Maslow's approach to motivation?

  Determining when a need is satisfied is difficult
• What are the two categories of factors in Herzberg's Two Factor Theory?

  • Motivators: Recognition, achievement, promotion
  • Hygiene factors: Company policy, supervision, pay
• What motivates employees according to Herzberg's theory?

  Recognition by management and achievement
• What happens if hygiene factors are absent in the workplace?

  It causes dissatisfaction among employees
• How can managers create a motivated workforce according to Herzberg?

  Provide enriching work and prevent dissatisfaction
• What is a similarity between Maslow's and Herzberg's theories?

  Both emphasize the need for satisfaction
• What does Vroom's Expectancy Theory assume about people's behavior?

  People act in their own best interests
• What are the components of Vroom's Expectancy Theory?

  Valance, Instrumentality, Expectancy
• How can businesses ensure employees are motivated according to Vroom's theory?

  Provide necessary skills, tools, and clear rewards
• What is a problem with Vroom's Expectancy Theory?

  Assumes effort always leads to rewards
• What are intrinsic and extrinsic rewards according to Porter and Lawler?

  • Intrinsic: Positive feelings from task completion
  • Extrinsic: Material rewards like pay increases
• How do different motivation theorists compare in their views?

  • Taylor: Focus on lower needs
  • Mayo: Emphasizes higher needs
  • Herzberg: Differentiates hygiene and motivators
  • Vroom: Rewards don't have to be monetary
• What is the relationship between hygiene factors and Maslow's hierarchy?

  Hygiene factors correspond to lower levels
• How does Herzberg's view on pay differ from Taylor's view?

  Herzberg sees pay as a hygiene factor
• What is the importance of communication in motivation theories?

  It enhances understanding and employee engagement
• How can managers balance hygiene and motivation factors?

  By addressing both to enhance motivation
• What is the main goal of motivation theories in businesses?

  To create a motivated and productive workforce
• What is the definition of motivation?

  The degree to which an individual wants to engage
• How does motivation affect employee performance?

  It drives employees to meet individual and company goals
• Why is understanding human behavior crucial for managers?

  It is a key factor behind motivation
• Who proposed the theory that motivation varies at different times?

  Maslow
• What is the main focus of Taylor's scientific management principles?

  To reduce inefficiency of workers and managers
• What did Taylor believe motivated people at work?

  Money
• What is the significance of time and motion studies in Taylor's approach?

  They identify the best way to perform tasks
• How does Taylor's view on worker responsibility differ from modern views?

  He believed removing responsibility increases output
• What is a key criticism of Taylor's scientific management?

  Not everyone is motivated by money
• What is a similarity between Herzberg and Maslow's theories?

  Both recognize lower levels of hierarchy
• What did Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Experiment suggest about motivation?

  Group dynamics can be more important than financial motivation
• How can involving people in decision-making benefit a business?

  It improves the quality of work
• What needs must be met for a motivated workforce according to Mayo?

  Personal satisfactions beyond financial needs
• What are the main theories of motivation discussed?

  • Maslow
  • Vroom
  • Porter and Lawler
  • Herzberg
  • Taylor
  • Mayo
• What are the key differences between Taylor's and Herzberg's views on pay?

  • Taylor views pay as a primary motivator
  • Herzberg sees pay as a hygiene factor
• What are the implications of Taylor's scientific management for modern businesses?

  • Emphasizes efficiency and productivity
  • May overlook individual worker preferences
  • Focuses on monetary incentives