management + leadership

• What does SMART stand for in objectives?

  Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic, Timely
• Why should objectives be specific?

  To meet the specific needs of customers
• What does it mean for objectives to be measurable?

  Anyone can see whether they have been achieved
• What does it mean for objectives to be agreed?

  All involved appreciate the objective
• Why should objectives be realistic?

  They should be challenging but not impossible
• What does it mean for objectives to be timely?

  Have a specific time scale attached to them
• What is the purpose of subdividing objectives down the hierarchy?

  To ensure individual targets align with overall goals
• What is MBO?

  Participative setting of objectives and planning
• How does MBO help in achieving objectives?

  It provides a clear structure for long-term goals
• What is a benefit of having clear objectives in MBO?

  Allows for measurement of performance and improvement
• What does MBO provide to managers?

  A clear idea of priorities and deadlines
• How does MBO promote coordination in an organization?

  Everyone works towards the overall strategic goal
• What is a disadvantage of MBO regarding time and money?

  It requires significant investment for effectiveness
• How can non-SMART objectives affect staff motivation?

  They can lead to a demotivated workforce
• What is a challenge posed by a dynamic business environment to objectives?

  External changes can make objectives outdated
• What are the two styles of management outlined by McGregor?

  Theory X and Theory Y
• What does a Theory X manager believe about workers?

  People are lazy and dislike work
• What is a key belief of a Theory Y manager?

  Workers enjoy work and can self-organize
• How do Theory X and Theory Y managers differ in their assumptions?

  Theory X assumes negative traits, Theory Y positive
• What are some qualities of a good leader?

  Knowledge, motivation skills, integrity
• What are the five types of leadership styles?

  • Autocratic
  • Democratic
  • Laissez-faire
  • Paternalistic
  • Bureaucratic
• What characterizes autocratic leadership?

  Leader makes decisions independently of employees
• How does communication work in autocratic leadership?

  Communication is top-down and feedback is discouraged
• What defines democratic leadership?

  Encourages participation through consultation and delegation
• What is a key feature of laissez-faire leadership?

  Leader has minimal input, allowing staff freedom
• How does paternalistic leadership differ from other styles?

  Focuses on employees' needs while making decisions
• What characterizes bureaucratic leadership?

  Decisions based on rules and hierarchy of authority
• What does Fiedler’s Contingency Model emphasize?

  Quality of leadership affects business success
• What do Wright and Taylor suggest about leadership skills?

  Leaders can improve through education and skill development
• What is the conclusion about effective leadership?

  It varies based on circumstances and worker needs
• What factors affect leadership styles?

  • The task at hand
  • Time constraints
  • Leader's personality
  • Type of labor force
  • Group size
  • Group personality
• What is a key factor affecting leadership styles?

  The task at hand
• Why might an emergency require a specific leadership style?

  It needs immediate response from authority
• How does time affect leadership styles?

  A project may have tight deadlines
• How does a leader's personality influence their leadership style?

  Different personalities suit different styles
• Which leadership style might not suit an aggressive personality?

  Laissez-faire leadership style
• How does the type of labor force affect leadership effectiveness?

  Skilled workers may prefer to share opinions
• Why might group size affect leadership effectiveness?

  Some styles may not work with large groups
• What influences group personality in leadership?

  Preferences for direction or contribution
• How does an organization's tradition affect leadership style?

  It creates a unique culture influencing style